Witchcraft Today Gerald Gardner Witchcraft is a topic that has long fascinated and captivated people's imaginations. From ancient times to modern day, witchcraft has been associated with magic, spells, and supernatural abilities. One of the key figures in the modern revival of witchcraft is Gerald Gardner. Gerald Gardner, born in 1884, was an English civil servant and amateur anthropologist who played a significant role in the resurgence and popularization of witchcraft in the mid-20th century. He claimed to have been initiated into a Coven of Witches in the New Forest region of England and became an advocate for the recognition and acceptance of witchcraft as a legitimate religious practice. Gardner's book, "Witchcraft Today," published in 1954, was a groundbreaking work that presented witchcraft as a living, contemporary religion.
Talisman and Amulets
Each of the Talisman and Amulets in ancient Egypt had a specific meaning and symbolic significance. The potency of amulets and talismans was recognised in the religious ceremonies and rituals especially those relating to funerary and mortuary rites. In ancient Egypt Talisman and Amulets were than just 'lucky charms'. They were both were believed to have supernatural, magical powers of protection and used to avert danger and to dispel evil and because of their important similarities the words 'Talisman' and 'Amulet' are interchangeable.
Other types of ancient Egyptian Talisman and Amulets were the Menat, the feather of Ma at the single plume and double plumes, the nefer, the cartouche, the angles of Thoth, the aper, the heart, the sa, the ladder, the steps, the frog, the fish, the vulture and the lotus. As the Egyptians valued personal adornment, all of the men and women, and even their Holy statues were always beautifully decorated with pieces of jewelry necklaces, bracelets, earrings, collars, rings, armbands, headpieces, and even anklets, made out of gold and many other precious metals.
Gardner's book, "Witchcraft Today," published in 1954, was a groundbreaking work that presented witchcraft as a living, contemporary religion. In his book, Gardner shared his own experiences and beliefs about witchcraft, providing a glimpse into the practices, rituals, and beliefs of modern witches. One of the main ideas that Gardner emphasized in "Witchcraft Today" was the concept of a closely-knit, secretive community of witches known as covens.
The Jewelry of Ancient Egypt
Whenever I watch a movie or documentary set in Ancient Egypt, I get distracted by jewelry. Pieces are gemstone forward, made out of exotic materials, stones, and clays, decorated with an abundance of gold, and often cover the entire body.
The Egyptian (1954)
Egyptians have always been portrayed as the elite royals in the history of mankind that adored luxury and power, which is quite true. It has been several thousand years since the first piece of jewelry was made with simplicity, magnificence, and elegance, by the Egyptians. They mastered and invented new technologies and were able to access to various kinds of new metals, gemstones, and creative crafting ideas. Even dictators marvel at the efficiency that was the Egyptian civilization. Fidel Castro said, “The people of Egypt are intelligent people with a glorious history who left their mark on civilization”.
As the Egyptians valued personal adornment, all of the men and women, and even their Holy statues were always beautifully decorated with pieces of jewelry: necklaces, bracelets, earrings, collars, rings, armbands, headpieces, and even anklets, made out of gold and many other precious metals. Jewelry had always held a higher place of significance in the lives of the ancient Egyptians, causing them to have a strong belief in the importance of jewelry. Keep on reading to dive deeper into the history of ancient Egyptian jewelry.
The Meaning Of Jewelry Among Ancient Egyptians:
Ancient Egyptian jewelry was to both beautify the wearer and serve as a talisman of power. It was believed to provide the power protection, good luck, or guidance through the afterlife and could ward off bad luck or evil eye.
Ancient Egyptians had a deep connection with the jewelry and each artifact has a different story to tell. Not only women, but men also adorned their bodies with different jewels made up of precious metals, especially gold and copper, rare stone, intricately carved glass, and sometimes even clay or wooden beads. The higher the status of the man or woman, the precious the jewelry is. Egyptians loved wearing elaborate headpieces, carved rings, dangling earrings, artistic necklaces, and even beard ornaments to display the wealth and power of the Pharaohs.
Precious materials like gold, copper, and gemstones were only worn by the royals and noble families that were specially carved and molded by professional craftsmen of that era. Jewelry also brought a decent amount of income to Ancient Egypt through trade to countries like Ancient Persia, Turkey, Greece, Rome, etc, because of the detailed carvings, metalwork, unique beaded structures, and precious stones work that was the forte of Egypt. The Egyptian art of jewelry making can be recognized from afar because of its unique features, motifs, and distinctive use of materials. Jerry Saltz rightly stated
“The style of ancient Egyptian art is transcendently clear, something 8-year-olds can recognize in an instant. Its consistency and codification are one of the most epic visual journeys in all art. One that lasts 30 dynasties spread over 3000 years.”
Materials available in Ancient Egypt:
Egyptians used a variety of precious and semi-precious materials to define their status and protect their bodies from negative energies. From metals to clay to woods to precious and semi-precious stones, ancient Egyptians incorporated different materials in their jewelry making. Here are the main techniques and materials that the ancient Egyptian jewelers and craftsmen used to make jewelry for the royals and noble families.
Gold and other Precious Metals:
When gold was discovered along the river of Nile, Egyptian created gold mines to extract as much gold as possible.
At first, the gold was used to pay tribute to holy entities and adorn the statues of their Gods. However, with time gold became a major part of the everyday accessories of the royals and noble families of Ancient Egypt. The gold was carved and molded into rings, beads, and headgear of the pharaohs.
Shown: Met Museum's Ring showing Shu and Tefnut - a Finger Ring representing King Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti as Shu and Tefnut (ca. 1353–1336 BC) reveals the reign of King Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti, the father and mother of Earth and Sky, with the sun above them and the Earth beneath them. Our Nefertiti's ring is an exact replica of this seal ring that was the trademark of King Akhenaten.
Wooden and Ceramic Beads:
Apart from the precious metals and stones, the ancient Egyptians used woods and ceramics to create different shaped beads for their headgear, neckpieces, and bracelets. Faience beads were quite famous for both the living and the dead in ancient Egypt.
Egyptian Faience - a clay mixed from sand, limestone, soil, dirt and a bit water would be shaped and then fired at low temperature to make a glossy hardened beads, animal figurines, and sculptures.
Shown: Mummy beads. We offer them in turquoise, earth-tone small, and earth-tone large varieties. Authentic Egyptian faience beads such as these are 2000 -3000 years old.
Apart from the precious metals and stones, the ancient Egyptians used woods and ceramics to create different shaped beads for their headgear, neckpieces, and bracelets. Faience beads were quite famous for both the living and the dead in ancient Egypt. Our Queen Hatshepsut Necklace for example is made up of authentic 3000-year-old faience beads in red, yellow, turquoise, and earthy brown colors, designed by a renowned Egyptian jewelry artist. There are 200 beads per chocker, showcasing the grandeur of ancient Egyptian jewelry.
Precious and Semi-Precious Gem Stones:
Stones had a great significance in ancient Egyptian history. Most stones were known for the properties they held in terms of their colors. Lapis lazuli provided deep blues and calming. Turquoise which was sourced and imported from the mines in the Sinai Peninsula provided sea blue-green and protection.
The vibrant red-orange carnelian stone was known for its healing and protective energy was widely used in ancient Egypt. It was admired by the pharaohs and noble families of that era. Carnelians were believed to have talisman powers that could protect the wearer from bad luck and the evil eye.
Shown: Our Red Sea Carnelian Earrings feature hand-carved carnelian scarabs, they are one of our most iconic replicas of Ancient Egyptian jewelry.
Enamel:
Late Egyptians were among the first people to melt glass powder and fuse it onto objects, ceramics, and jewelry. Today we know the technique as vitreous (or glass) enameling.
Shown: Vintage Shashi Scarab Earrings in red - also available in black and purple.
Marble and Stone:
Marble, a stone that was one of the building blocks of the ancient Egyptian history, was also used as an ornament to decorate and beautify the vanities and the living space of the pharaohs.
Shown: the Ra-Harakht Falcon is a piece of noble jewelry that is carved to perfection, for the surroundings of the Royals. The shape of the falcon demonstrates the noble nature of God “Ra” who could take the form of the bird and control the sun with his wings.
Techniques used in Ancient Egyptian Jewelry:
Cartouches:
A cartouche (oval enclosing hieroglyphs - usually with a line on one end) was a collection of symbols arranged in the form of a name or title. They were used to name specific Pharaohs and were later used by upper classes. Egyptians believed one who's name was transcribed somewhere was never truly dead. King Tut, Ramses II and Nefertiti might attest to the truth of this belief.
Shown: Ring Tut (available in plated brass, silver or brass). The cartouche depicts the throne name of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun. It would have been used to seal wax stamps and worked as a trademark of the Pharaoh. The original was made entirely of Gold and shows the detailed craftsmanship of the Dynasty 18. It was made during the reign of Tutankhamun, which is also known as the late bronze age. This seal ring holds great importance as it was used to seal wax stamps and worked as a trademark of the Pharaoh.
Hieroglyphics:
Hieroglyphs were one of the main designs that were found on Egyptian jewelry. As mentioned above, Egyptians took their jewelry seriously and each artifact has a different story to tell. To explain important facts about the time and ownership of the jewelry, hieroglyphs were vastly used.
Shown: our Ring of Priest Sienamun borrows its hieroglyphics from an original at the Met Museum.
Scarabs:
Scarab, a beetle that had a great religious value in ancient Egypt and was known for the idea of rebirth and regeneration, was one of the vastly used motifs in ancient Egyptian jewelry making. They were etched into stones, carved into wood, and engraved into metals and worn to honor the God of the Sun “Ra”.
Shown: our Laurel Burch Scarab Earrings feature a sacred scarab etched on silver-plated brass.
Deities and Iconography:
The representation of Gods and Goddesses in the form of jewelry was quite common in Ancient Egypt. Each pharaoh wore pendants, amulets, rings, and headpieces representing the iconographic Gods they worshiped.
Shown: Vintage Isis Silver Earrings designed by the late artist Laurel Burch pays tribute to Isis, the Goddess of life and magic.
The goddess Isis as well as her extended family Horus, Set and Ra are well represented in ancient egyptian art and jewelry, and consequently are well represented in our jewelry lines.
The Egyptian civilization back in the ancient times had unique minds that came up with mind-blowing ideas and inventions. But technology was not the only thing they had their focus on. They, no doubt, led a very luxurious and royal life, which led them to be the greatest jewelry makers and trendsetters of all time. They came up with unique and intricate designs for their over-the-top jewelry pieces and made the style last for a long time, inspiring everyone along the way.
The history of ancient Egyptian Jewelry was not only deep and mysterious but also had tons of secrets hidden within them. For ancient Egyptians, jewelry was not only for the living but the deceased ones as well. The ancient Egyptian history, including their unique relationship with jewelry, will always hold a very significant place in the list of the greatest civilizations that had left a huge mark in history.
Egyptian Jewelry for Sale:
Our collection of Egyptian jewelry includes artifacts such as mummy beads, replica pieces, and period inspired designs.
Sources and Further Reading:
- https://www.arce.org/resource/egyptian-jewelry-window-ancient-culture
- https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/egold/hd_egold.htm
- https://glencairnmuseum.org/newsletter/2018/1/30/sacred-adornment-jewelry-as-belief-in-glencairns-egyptian-collection
I have this necklace thats has Egyptian writing on it and I cannot figure out what it says I looked up Egyptian writing and try to figure out and that’s the pictures but there are some pictures that I couldn’t find them there so if you guys can try to figure out what is says
Scarab, a beetle that had a great religious value in ancient Egypt and was known for the idea of rebirth and regeneration, was one of the vastly used motifs in ancient Egyptian jewelry making. They were etched into stones, carved into wood, and engraved into metals and worn to honor the God of the Sun “Ra”.
He described how these covens were led by a High Priestess and held regular rituals, gatherings, and celebrations. Gardner argued for the recognition of witchcraft as a genuine religious practice, highlighting the freedom of belief and practice that should be afforded to practitioners. Gardner also delved into the historical roots of witchcraft, discussing its connections to ancient pagan traditions and folklore. He presented the idea that witchcraft had survived in secret throughout the ages and was now being rediscovered and reclaimed by modern practitioners. Despite its controversial nature, "Witchcraft Today" gained significant attention and helped pave the way for the acceptance and recognition of witchcraft as a legitimate religious practice. It sparked a renewed interest in witchcraft and inspired many individuals to explore and embrace witchcraft as part of their own spiritual journeys. In conclusion, Gerald Gardner's "Witchcraft Today" played a pivotal role in the modern revival of witchcraft. By presenting witchcraft as a contemporary religion with deep historical roots, Gardner brought witchcraft out of the shadows and into the public eye. His book challenged societal perceptions about witchcraft and opened the door for the recognition and acceptance of witchcraft as a legitimate religious practice..
Reviews for "The Legacy of Gerald Gardner and the Continued Practice of Witchcraft Today"
1. John - 2/5 stars - As someone who has been interested in witchcraft for a long time, I was disappointed with "Witchcraft Today" by Gerald Gardner. The book lacked depth and seemed more like a personal narrative rather than an informative piece. Gardner's writing style felt disjointed and hard to follow. Additionally, I found the content to be repetitive, with the same ideas being discussed over and over again. Overall, I was hoping for a more comprehensive and insightful exploration of witchcraft, but this book fell short of my expectations.
2. Sarah - 1/5 stars - I found "Witchcraft Today" by Gerald Gardner to be incredibly outdated and not relevant to modern witchcraft practices. There was an overwhelming focus on historical events and individuals that felt disconnected from the actual practice of witchcraft today. Furthermore, the book lacked any practical instruction or guidance, which left me feeling frustrated and unfulfilled. I would not recommend this book to anyone looking for an introduction to modern witchcraft or seeking guidance in their practice.
3. Mark - 2/5 stars - I was disappointed with "Witchcraft Today" by Gerald Gardner. The book relied too heavily on personal anecdotes and occult history rather than providing practical information or insights into witchcraft. Gardner's writing style was dry and at times difficult to understand, making it hard to engage with the content. Additionally, I felt that the book lacked organization and clarity, often jumping from one topic to another without cohesive structure. Overall, I can't say that I learned much from this book and would not recommend it to those looking for a comprehensive understanding of witchcraft.
4. Emily - 2/5 stars - Although I had high hopes for "Witchcraft Today" by Gerald Gardner, I found the book to be lacking in substance. The content felt repetitive and lacked depth. Gardner's personal biases were evident throughout the book, which made it difficult to trust the information presented. Furthermore, I felt that the book did not adequately address the cultural and societal context in which witchcraft practices exist. Overall, I was left feeling underwhelmed and unsatisfied with this book.