A talisman is an object believed to have magical or supernatural powers, which are thought to bring good luck or provide protection to the wearer. Talismans have been used in various cultures and religions throughout history, and their purpose can vary depending on the beliefs and traditions of different societies. The idea behind talismans is rooted in the belief that certain objects possess inherent power or energy that can be harnessed or channeled to influence the natural world or enhance the well-being of individuals. This concept is often associated with the broader field of superstition and belief in the supernatural. Talismans can take many forms, such as stones, crystals, amulets, charms, or even everyday objects that have been imbued with symbolic significance. They may be inscribed with specific words, symbols, or prayers, and are often worn as jewelry or carried in a pocket or purse.

hydraulic

From French hydraulique, from Latin hydraulicus, from Ancient Greek ὑδραυλικός ( hudraulikós , “ of a water organ ” ) , from ὕδραυλις ( húdraulis , “ water organ ” ) , from ὕδωρ ( húdōr , “ water ” ) +‎ αὐλός ( aulós , “ pipe ” ) [1] .

Pronunciation [ edit ]

• ( UK ) IPA (key) : /haɪˈdɹɒlɪk/
• ( US ) IPA (key) : /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪk/

Adjective [ edit ]

hydraulic (not comparable)

Pertaining to water. [from early 17th c.]

Tho' there are but seventeen feet water [sic] in the channel, I have seen vessels of five hundred ton enter into it. I know not why this entrance is left so neglected, as we are not in want of able engineers in France, in the hydraulic branch, a part of the mathematics to which I have most applyed [sic] myself.

A hydraulic press is operated by the differential pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions.

Derived terms [ edit ]

• diesel-hydraulic
• hydraulic belt
• hydraulic cement
• hydraulic conductivity
• hydraulic engineering
• hydraulic fracturing
• hydraulic horsepower
• hydraulic Keynesianism
• hydraulic lime
• hydraulic limestone
• hydraulic organ
• hydraulic radius
• hydraulic ram
• hydraulic retention time
• hygraulic
• nonhydraulic

hydraulics

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• National Fluid Power Association - What is Hydraulics?
• University of Central Florida Pressbooks - Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics
• Physics LibreTexts - Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics

• hydraulics - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• hydraulics - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• National Fluid Power Association - What is Hydraulics?
• University of Central Florida Pressbooks - Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics
• Physics LibreTexts - Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics

• hydraulics - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• hydraulics - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

hydraulics, branch of science concerned with the practical applications of fluids, primarily liquids, in motion. It is related to fluid mechanics, which in large part provides its theoretical foundation. Hydraulics deals with such matters as the flow of liquids in pipes, rivers, and channels and their confinement by dams and tanks. Some of its principles apply also to gases, usually in cases in which variations in density are relatively small. Consequently, the scope of hydraulics extends to such mechanical devices as fans and gas turbines and to pneumatic control systems.

Illustration of Pascal's principle at work in a hydraulic press. According to Pascal's principle, the original pressure (P₁) exerted on the small piston (A₁) will produce an equal pressure (P₂) on the large piston (A₂). However, because A₂ has 10 times the area of A₁, it will produce a force (F₂) that is 10 times greater than the original force (F₁). Through Pascal's principle, a relatively small force exerted on a hydraulic press can be magnified to the point where it will lift a car. (more)

Liquids in motion or under pressure did useful work for humanity for many centuries before French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal and Swiss physicist Daniel Bernoulli formulated the laws on which modern hydraulic power technology is based. Pascal’s principle, formulated about 1650, states that pressure in a liquid is transmitted equally in all directions; i.e, when water is made to fill a closed container, the application of pressure at any point will be transmitted to all sides of the container. In the hydraulic press, Pascal’s principle is used to gain an increase in force; a small force applied to a small piston in a small cylinder is transmitted through a tube to a large cylinder, where it presses equally against all sides of the cylinder, including the large piston.

Bernoulli’s theorem, formulated about a century later, states that energy in a fluid is due to elevation, motion, and pressure, and if there are no losses due to friction and no work done, the sum of the energies remains constant. Thus, kinetic energy, deriving from motion, can be partly converted to pressure energy by enlarging the cross section of a pipe, which slows down the flow but increases the area against which the fluid is pressing.

Gold miners used the hydraulic mining method in California during the 1860s. In hydraulic mining, high-pressure jets of water are used to break up rock and reach the gold behind it. (more)

Until the 19th century it was not possible to develop velocities and pressures much greater than those provided by nature, but the invention of pumps brought a vast potential for application of the discoveries of Pascal and Bernoulli. In 1882 the city of London built a hydraulic system that delivered pressurized water through street mains to drive machinery in factories. In 1906 an important advance in hydraulic techniques was made when an oil hydraulic system was installed to raise and control the guns of the USS Virginia. In the 1920s, self-contained hydraulic units consisting of a pump, controls, and motor were developed, opening the way to applications in machine tools, automobiles, farm equipment, earth-moving machinery, locomotives, ships, airplanes, and spacecraft.

In hydraulic power systems there are five elements: the driver, the pump, the control valves, the motor, and the load. The driver may be an electric motor or an engine of any type. The pump acts mainly to increase pressure. The motor may be a counterpart of the pump, transforming hydraulic input into mechanical output. Motors may produce either rotary or reciprocating motion in the load.

In the operation and control of machine tools, farm machinery, construction machinery, and mining machinery, fluid power can compete successfully with mechanical and electrical systems (see fluidics). Its chief advantages are flexibility and the ability to multiply forces efficiently; it also provides fast and accurate response to controls.

Three steps in the extraction of shale gas: drilling a borehole into the shale formation and lining it with pipe casing; fracking, or fracturing, the shale by injecting fluid under pressure; and producing gas that flows up the borehole, frequently accompanied by liquids. (more)

Hydraulic power systems have become one of the major energy-transmission technologies used by all phases of industrial, agricultural, and defense activity. Modern aircraft, for example, use hydraulic systems to activate their controls and to operate landing gears and brakes. Virtually all missiles, as well as their ground-support equipment, use fluid power. Automobiles use hydraulic power systems in their transmissions, brakes, and steering mechanisms. Mass production and its offspring, automation, in many industries have their foundations in the use of fluid power systems. Hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, has allowed the extraction of natural gas and petroleum from previously inaccessible deposits.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Erik Gregersen.

How to Pronounce hydraulic?

Correct pronunciation for the word "hydraulic" is [ha͡ɪdɹˈɔːlɪk], [ha‍ɪdɹˈɔːlɪk], [h_aɪ_d_ɹ_ˈɔː_l_ɪ_k].

They may be inscribed with specific words, symbols, or prayers, and are often worn as jewelry or carried in a pocket or purse. Different cultures and religions have their own specific talismans and rituals associated with them. For example, in Eastern cultures, it is common to find talismans in the form of small pouches containing sacred herbs, coins, or written prayers.

What are the misspellings for hydraulic?

• hidraulic,
• hyrdraulic,
• hydralick,
• hydrolic,
• hydraullic,
• hydrualic,
• hydalic,
• hydrulic,
• hydralic,
• hydralics,
• hydroulic,
• hydrallic,
• hydrollic,
• hydrauilic,
• hydaulic,
• hydrauli,
• hydrylic,
• hydraluic,
• hydrulics,
• hydraullics

These talismans may be worn around the neck or tied to an item of clothing. In Western cultures, talismans often take the form of amulets or charms that are worn as jewelry, such as a pendant or bracelet. These may be engraved with runes, symbols, or names of deities or saints, and are often believed to provide protection or bring good luck. The belief in talismans and their effectiveness is subjective and varies from person to person. Some individuals may place great faith in the power of talismans and may use them as a form of spiritual or personal empowerment. Others may view them as mere superstitious beliefs or cultural traditions. Regardless of one's personal beliefs, talismans remain an intriguing aspect of human history and culture. They provide insight into our universal need for protection, luck, and the desire to influence the world around us through magical or supernatural means..

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The Evolution of Talismans: From Amulets to Charms