The witch hunting mania in early modern Europe was a disturbing and dark chapter in history. It was a period when mass hysteria and fear gripped society, leading to the persecution and execution of thousands of innocent people, predominantly women, who were accused of witchcraft. During this era, from the 15th to the 18th century, the belief in witchcraft and the Devil was widespread. People feared that witches, who were believed to have made a pact with the Devil, possessed supernatural powers that could cause harm or bring misfortune to others. This fear was further fueled by religious and social tensions, as well as economic hardships and political instability. Accusations of witchcraft often stemmed from suspicions of unusual behavior or superstitions.

FA Cup: Shrewsbury 0 Wrexham 1 - Report

Shrewsbury Town crashed out of the FA Cup courtesy of a derby-day defeat to arch-rivals Wrexham.

It was a fiercely contested encounter at the Croud Meadow as the game's decisive goal came in the 72nd minute courtesy of Thomas O'Connor's deflected strike.

For 70 minutes Shrewsbury were the better of the two sides but they missed chances and ultimately they were made to pay for that in the second half.

Taylor Perry battles with Wrexham's James McClean (AMA)

Tunmise Sobowale and Chey Dunkley both missed big chances to give Town the lead before the break.

More opportunities followed in the second half as Shrewsbury pushed for the opener but they were made to pay when O'Connor gave the visitors the lead.

Town struggled after the goal but had two great chances to force a replay in stoppage time when Taylor Perry missed a sitter and then a more difficult chance from the edge of the box.

The clash at the Croud Meadow was the first time Shrewsbury and Wrexham had met since 2008 - a clash that Town won 3-0 that day.

It was the first time the ground had been at capacity too. The last time was against Liverpool in the same competition back in 2020.

The teams had not played each other since Hollywood movie star Ryan Reynolds and comedy actor Rob McElhenney bought the club for £ 2 million in November 2020.

Matt Taylor named an unchanged side from the one that beat Fleetwood on New Year's Day - they did welcome Roland Idowu into the matchday squad for the first time and there was a return for Carl Winchester.

The visitors were also able to name an unchanged side after beating Barrow 4-1 on the first day of the year.

Tom O'Connor of Wrexham and Ryan Bowman of Shrewsbury Town (AMA)

Both sets of fans exchanged digs at each other before kick-off as the Shrewsbury flags were out in full force in the South Stand.

Shrewsbury made a bright start with Taylor Perry getting a shot off from distance for Arthur Okonkwo in the Wrexham goal to gather.

And they should have capitalised on their good start through Dunkley. The visitors lost the ball on the edge of their own box and it was collected by Mal Benning who pulled it back for the Town skipper who was 12 yards out.

He shot with his right foot when maybe he should have tried to sweep it home with his left, and it was deflected inches wide.

The long throw of Wrexham skipper Ben Tozer threatened for the hosts as a bouncing ball fell to Andrew Cannon, but his shot was blocked in the area.

Paul Mullin is Wrexham's talisman, he has scored nine times so far this season in the league. He saw a shot from distance fly over comfortably over Marko Marosi's bar.

It was Taylor's Shrewsbury who looked the more likely to take the lead and they should have done so through the lively Sobowale.

Shrewsbury Town's Chey Dunkley and Wrexham's Elliot Lee

Town had hit Wrexham on the counter and the ball came to Jordan Shipley, his early cross fell to Sobowale at the back post, and from just a few yards out his effort went over - it was a golden opportunity.

Wrexham were direct, they were physical and even though they grew into the game, they did not threaten too much in the first period.

Town came out with intensity after the break. Perry got a shot away from the edge of the box that went just over the bar.

Mullin was in the thick of the action. First, he missed a chance from a narrow angle and then he could have been sent off for a late challenge on Marko Marosi.

Wrexham offered more of a threat after the break and Elliot Lee could have opened the scoring, but he skied his left-footed effort over the bar.

A dejected Jordan Shipley at the full time whistle (AMA)

Another big chance for Salop saw Benning hit the bar with the outside of his left foot and they were made to pay for not being good enough in front of goal when Wrexham scored.

The visitors were growing into it, and they took the lead in the 72 minute when O'Connor's shot took a huge deflection off Dunkley, wrong-footing Marosi and going in.

Town had not looked like scoring after they went behind, but deep into injury time they had two massive chances to draw level.

Both through Perry, first, he missed a sitter from five yards out, then he shot inches wide from distance - it just was not to be.

Shrewsbury: Marosi, Feeney, Dunkley, Anderson (Sraha 76), Benning (Idowu 66), Bennett, Kenneh, Perry, Sobowale (Bayliss 66), Shipley, Bowman (Mata 76).

Subs: Burgoyne, Sraha, Bayliss, Idowu, Pierre, Winchester, Mata, Loughran, Whitney.

Wrexham: Okonkwo, Tozer, Mullin, Evans, Forde (Barnett 66), Cannon (Jones 76), O'Connor, McClean, Fletcher (Dalbly 66), Cleworth, Lee.

Subs: McNicholas, McFadzean, Davies, Young, Dalby, Boyle, Bickerstaff, Barnett, Jones.

Lot 103462: 1976 Cadillac Fleetwood Talisman

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The Price You Pay

A crime thriller, coming-of-age story and a family saga, The Price You Pay unravels in mid-1970s Jersey City, a crumbling town where violence and coercion reign. Young Mickey Wright is thrust into a world controlled by a powerful Teamster local associated with the Genovese crime syndicate. The man who puts him in jeopardy: his father, a free-wheeling policeman well-known to Jersey City’s politicians and drug dealers.

When a Black trucker is murdered, Mickey is forced to choose between loyalty to family and the Teamsters or to values he shares with Debbie Olsen, the love of his young life who is the daughter of a solidly middle-class family. Memorable appearances by Mickey’s sister, who is broken by her father’s foul will, and memories of their late mother haunt the story. The question of whether Mickey can stand tall, break free and live a worthy life of his choosing isn’t answered until a final, shocking confrontation.

The Price You Pay is rich with vivid details and the kind of propulsive yet compassion storytelling that defines Fusilli’s career as one of today’s most admired mystery writers. As in his novels Narrows Gate and The Mayor of Polk Street, he proves once again that he knows how danger can explode when the mob, police and politics are intertwined. As for Mickey and Debbie, there is a way out. Will they survive to take it?

Critical Acclaim for The Price You Pay:

“Jim Fusilli has done a lot of good writing in his time, but The Price You Pay is his best book. It’s everything you want urban crime fiction to be: taut, seriously suspenseful, closely observed, wry, and very knowing about the way the real world works. I started off admiring the precision of the writing, and then found the pages flying. I was going to say George V. Higgins, the author of The Friends of Eddie Coyle, would have liked this novel. But then again, he might have just been pissed that he didn’t write it himself.” —Peter Blauner, author and screenwriter

“With The Price You Pay, Jim Fusilli gives us a tough and heartfelt coming of age crime story—gritty, suspenseful, involving. The characters pop and ache and burn. Mickey Wright is memorable.” —Meg Gardiner, #1 New York Times bestselling author

Critical Acclaim for Jim Fusilli

“Superior. This courageous and original writer works against the grain of expectations, looking to make our experience not easy but illuminative and true.” —Boston Globe

“Fusilli writes with poetic intensity.” —Kirkus Reviews

“Fusilli’s a master of his craft, each line brimming with his sense of urban life and nail-biting suspense… His prose is diamond-bright and conjures up a realm you cannot forget.” —Providence Journal

Accusations of witchcraft often stemmed from suspicions of unusual behavior or superstitions. Physical characteristics such as birthmarks or moles were also considered signs of witchcraft. In some cases, individuals who were seen as outsiders or held unconventional beliefs were targeted.

Once accused, the accused witches faced a brutal process. They were subjected to various forms of torture to extract confessions, including the notorious practice of water dunking, where the accused would be tied up and thrown into water. If they floated, it was believed that they were guilty and in league with the Devil. If they sank and drowned, they were considered innocent. Either way, the accused would often meet a grim fate. The trials and executions were carried out through religious and secular courts, with religious authorities often playing a significant role in the witch-hunting fervor. The infamous witch-hunting manual "Malleus Maleficarum" ("The Hammer of Witches") written by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger in 1486, provided theological and legal justifications for the persecution of witches, further fueling the hysteria. The number of witch trials and executions varied across Europe but reached its peak during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of people, mostly women, were executed for witchcraft during this time, although the exact numbers remain uncertain. Eventually, the witch hunting mania began to decline as skepticism towards witchcraft grew and evidence-based legal systems emerged. In the late 17th century, voices of reason began to challenge the witch hunts, and governments and courts started to question the validity of witchcraft accusations. The witch hunting mania in early modern Europe remains a haunting reminder of the dangers of mass hysteria and the consequences of fear-driven society. It serves as a stark example of how unfounded beliefs and prejudices can lead to the persecution and unjust treatment of innocent individuals..

Reviews for "The Changing Perception of Witches in Early Modern Europe"

1. John Doe - 1 star - I found "The witch hunting mania in early modern Europe" to be a tedious read that lacked depth and coherence. The author seemed more interested in listing the various atrocities committed during witch hunts rather than providing any meaningful analysis or insight into the causes and implications of the hysteria. Moreover, the writing style was dry and academic, making it difficult to engage with the material. Overall, I was disappointed with this book and would not recommend it to others seeking a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

2. Jane Smith - 2 stars - While "The witch hunting mania in early modern Europe" presented an important and often overlooked aspect of history, I felt that it lacked balance and objectivity. The author seemed to have a clear agenda of condemning all aspects of witch hunts, without exploring any potential justifications or motivations behind them. Additionally, the book relied heavily on anecdotal evidence and lacked a strong theoretical framework. While it may serve as a starting point for those new to the subject, I would recommend seeking out more comprehensive and nuanced works on the topic for a deeper understanding of the complexities involved.

3. Robert Johnson - 2 stars - As a history enthusiast, I had high hopes for "The witch hunting mania in early modern Europe," but unfortunately, it fell short of my expectations. The book felt disjointed and lacked a clear narrative thread, making it difficult to follow the progression of events and understand the broader context. While the topic itself is fascinating, the author's writing style was dry and overly academic, which hindered my engagement with the material. I would recommend looking for alternative sources that provide a more cohesive and captivating exploration of this dark period in history.

The Aftermath of Witch Trials: Legacy and Lessons Learned