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Pagan trials were a series of historical events that took place during the Middle Ages and were commonly found in European countries. These trials were intended to identify and prosecute individuals accused of practicing pagan rituals or witchcraft. The trials often involved a step-by-step process that aimed to prove the guilt or innocence of the accused. The first step in the pagan trials was the accusation. Someone would accuse an individual of engaging in pagan practices or witchcraft. This accusation could be made by anyone, and often resulted from personal grudges, jealousy, or fear of the accused.

This Tuesday morning at 4:45 am GMT, a massive amount of revelers are expected to gather at Stonehenge as the sun rises over the British plains. Last year the BBC reported that 20,000 people were there to greet the sunrise. If you can't be there in your white robes and bare feet to see the sun crest the top of the stone slabs, there are a few ways you can celebrate the Solstice, also known as Litha, Pagan-style.

If you can t be there in your white robes and bare feet to see the sun crest the top of the stone slabs, there are a few ways you can celebrate the Solstice, also known as Litha, Pagan-style. Some traditional foods involving such round, sun-colored fruits and vegetables include pumpernickel bread, mead, and grilled foods that use an open flame to represent the sun.

This accusation could be made by anyone, and often resulted from personal grudges, jealousy, or fear of the accused. After an accusation was made, the next step was the arrest and imprisonment of the accused. They would be detained in a local jail or holding cell, often in harsh conditions.

Celebrate the Summer Solstice the Wiccan Way

The Summer Solstice is more than just a long enough day to get all your errands done. For many, many years it's been a day to celebrate the sun, the harvest, and the many benefits of summer's bounty. Before grills and cocktails were the best way to rejoice in the warmth, pagans and wiccans had their own way of giving thanks to the day of light and heat.

This Tuesday morning at 4:45 am GMT, a massive amount of revelers are expected to gather at Stonehenge as the sun rises over the British plains. Last year the BBC reported that 20,000 people were there to greet the sunrise. If you can't be there in your white robes and bare feet to see the sun crest the top of the stone slabs, there are a few ways you can celebrate the Solstice, also known as Litha, Pagan-style.

According to Celebrating the Seasons of Life: Betane to Mabon, by Ashleen O'Gaea, a bonfire was central to ancient solstice celebrations, and sometimes a "Summerpole," decorated with flowers and leafy branches, was erected. Festivities included a deosil (sunwise) dance around a fire or a pole accompanied by chanting and songs of praise for the Sun God, as folklorists at the turn of the 20 th century believed. "The livelier the dance, the better would be the harvest," according to J.A. MacCulloch in The Religion of the Ancient Celts. O'Gaea also explains that in Wiccan tradition, it is custom to wear bright colors such as red, orange, or yellow to signify the sun. And "if anyone wants to wear garlands or ribbons in their hair, so much the better. Any food you provide should be Sun-colored, and perhaps round." Some traditional foods involving such round, sun-colored fruits and vegetables include pumpernickel bread, mead, and grilled foods that use an open flame to represent the sun. Other celebratory foods might have included fruits like lemons, oranges, mangoes, peaches, or nectarines and vegetables like yellow squash, corn, and heirloom tomatoes. Honey was also a popular ingredient in Pagan customs - especially when used in the making of mead, a honeyed alcoholic beverage.

It was also believed that fairies were at their most prevalent during the Solstice. Those following Wiccan or Pagan beliefs traditionally leave out offerings of freshly harvested herbs such as lavender, fennel, chamomile, and rose petals for the fairies. Of course, you are allowed to save some of those herbs for yourself. How are you supposed to have a good Litha if your food is under seasoned?

The Summer Solstice is more than just a long enough day to get all your errands done. For many, many years it's been a day to celebrate the sun, the harvest, and the many benefits of summer's bounty. Before grills and cocktails were the best way to rejoice in the warmth, pagans and wiccans had their own way of giving thanks to the day of light and heat.

During this time, they would be interrogated, and any evidence or witnesses against them would be gathered. The third step in the pagan trials involved the formal trial process. The accused would be brought before a tribunal or court, where they would face their accusers. The trial process often included examinations and cross-examinations, where witnesses would testify against the accused, and the defendant would have an opportunity to defend themselves. In many pagan trials, the use of torture was permitted as a means of extracting confessions or obtaining information. Torture methods varied but often included methods such as the rack, thumbscrews, or the strappado. The use of torture was justified as a means of getting the accused to confess to their crimes or to provide information about other pagans or witches in the community. If the accused confessed to their crimes, they would often face punishment. This could range from public humiliation, such as being paraded through the streets or placed in the stocks, to harsher punishments such as fines, imprisonment, or even execution. The severity of the punishment often depended on the jurisdiction and the severity of the crimes committed. If the accused maintained their innocence, the trial would proceed to the next step, which was the trial by ordeal. This involved subjecting the accused to a physical test or trial, which was believed to be a way for God to reveal the truth. Common forms of trial by ordeal included being thrown into water, where it was believed that innocent individuals would float and guilty individuals would sink, or being subjected to a heated iron or hot coals. Regardless of the outcome of the trial by ordeal, pagan trials often resulted in a guilty verdict. The accused would be punished, and their property or belongings might be confiscated by the authorities. This punishment was often intended not only to punish the individual but also to serve as a deterrent to others who might be considering practicing pagan rituals or witchcraft. In conclusion, pagan trials were a step-by-step process used during the Middle Ages to identify and prosecute individuals accused of practicing pagan rituals or witchcraft. These trials involved a series of steps, including accusation, arrest, imprisonment, trial, and punishment. The trials often included the use of torture and trial by ordeal and frequently resulted in guilty verdicts and punishments..

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