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"Earwig and the Witch" is a children's novel written by Diana Wynne Jones. It tells the story of a young girl named Earwig who lives in an orphanage. One day, she is adopted by a mysterious couple called Bella Yaga and Mandrake. To her surprise, Earwig discovers that Bella Yaga is actually a witch. In the first book, Earwig manages to outsmart Bella Yaga and gain control over her magical abilities. However, the story continues in "Earwig and the Witch 2," where Earwig faces new challenges and adventures.

I also use the timers function to turn on/off specific bulbs at different times at night when I’m out of town. This gives the appearance of someone being in the house.

At this time no patch is currently available for this issue however in order to limit the exposure it is recommended that network access to these devices should be permitted to authorized users only through the use of proper Access Control Lists and network segmentation. Many of these devices are targeted for mainstream household environments and due to often unfettered internet access and device control through insecure mobile applications, this makes such devices a great playground for security researchers and malicious actors alike.

However, the story continues in "Earwig and the Witch 2," where Earwig faces new challenges and adventures. This time, she must confront an evil wizard who wants to use her powers for his own purposes. As the story unfolds, Earwig discovers more about her own past and the truth behind her parents' disappearance.

Magic Home Pro Mobile Application Authentication Bypass (CVE-2020-27199)

With the prevalence of IoT devices flooding the mainstream marketplace, we tend to see a large proliferation of these devices lacking even basic security controls. Many of these devices are targeted for mainstream household environments and due to often unfettered internet access and device control through insecure mobile applications, this makes such devices a great playground for security researchers and malicious actors alike. One such device is the JadeHomic RGB Led Light Strip Kit and its associated mobile device application Magic Home Pro. I decided to turn my attention to investigating the security of this device and managed to uncover multiple vulnerabilities that could theoretically affect millions of devices.

Figure 1: Magic Home Pro App and JadeHomic LED Kit

Finding 1: Unauthorized Information Disclosure/Unauthorized access

This vulnerability allows for any authenticated user to utilize their current authorization level to interrogate and control devices that are not currently apart of their registered account. This attack uses an API call to '/app/getBindedUserListByMacAddress/ZG001?macAddress=', where the registered mac address can be uncovered by simply fuzzing the last three bytes of the mac address itself. The resulting HTTP response where a valid device exists will return the Username, User Unique Identifier (userUniID) and the Binded Unique ID (bindedUniID) of the associated user account. Using the above method, an attacker is now able to utilize a subsequent POST request to API endpoint '/app/sendCommandBatch/ZG001' using the newly enumerated mac address as a parameter to control the device. The device can now be controlled by an attacker by sending compatible hex strings '71230fa3' and '71240fa4' which translate to ON and OFF commands respectively.

Figure 2: MAC and Account enumeration

Finding 2: JWT susceptibility to forgery and signature bypass

After a successful enumeration of targeted devices, it was further possible to use the discovered 'userID' and 'uniID' within a forged JWT payload section to conduct a device takeover of another users' device. Utilizing a well-known JWT signature-bypass vulnerability, it was found that a malicious actor could take over a device of another user and therefore place it under the full control of the malicious actor. This attack uses an API call to '/app/shareDevice/ZG001' coupled with the 'friendUserID' JSON parameter to add the device to the attacker's device list. This gives the attacker full control of the endpoint device.

Finding 3: Magic Home Pro Authentication Bypass ( CVE-2020-27199 )

Utilizing the enumerated information above, an attacker is able to login to the mobile application using HTTP response manipulation. This results in an authentication bypass.

1. Utilizing the JSON token forgery coupled with the gleaned information i.e. the Victim Email, ClientID, and UniqID based on the above enumeration it is possible to bypass the Mobile App authentication process through manipulating the HTTP response and thus gaining access to the Application as the victim.
2. The attacker uses the Magic Home Pro application utilizing a victim email address, arbitrary password, and clientID.
3. The attacker can then manipulate the HTTP response using the details in step 1 which allows for the bypass to take place.

Original HTTP Login Request via Magic Home Pro Mobile app 

POST /app/login/ZG001 HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Magic Home/1.5.1(ANDROID,9,en-US)
Accept-Language: en-US
Accept: application/json
token:
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 117
Host: wifij01us.magichue.net
Connection: close
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate 

","password":"","clientID":"">

Original HTTP Response 

HTTP/1.1 200
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Thu, 08 Oct 2020 00:08:45 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Connection: close
Content-Length: 37 



Edited HTTP Response 

HTTP/1.1 200
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Mon, 06 Jul 2020 12:32:02 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Connection: close
Content-Length: 907 

","userEmail":"","userUniID":"">,"token":"">

Proof of Concept

Summary

At this time no patch is currently available for this issue however in order to limit the exposure it is recommended that network access to these devices should be permitted to authorized users only through the use of proper Access Control Lists and network segmentation.

I can’t say if it’s the app or the bulbs…my guess is the app, so here you go!

Along the way, she teams up with new allies, including a talking cat named Thomas, to defeat the wizard and protect her newfound family. "Earwig and the Witch 2" offers a blend of humor, fantasy, and adventure. Diana Wynne Jones, known for her enchanting storytelling, creates a vibrant world filled with magic and mystery. The character of Earwig is likable and relatable, as she uses her wit and resourcefulness to overcome obstacles. The book also explores themes of friendship, family, and the importance of staying true to oneself. Through Earwig's journey, readers are reminded that even the seemingly ordinary can possess extraordinary qualities. Overall, "Earwig and the Witch 2" continues the delightful and imaginative storytelling that captivated readers in the first book. It is a must-read for fans of fantasy and young readers looking for an enchanting adventure..

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