Black magic, often referred to as dark magic or black witchcraft, is a form of supernatural practice that is believed to involve the utilization of evil forces or supernatural powers to manipulate and control events, people, and even the natural world for personal gain or to cause harm. It is characterized by its sinister intentions and malicious use. The origins of black magic can be traced back to ancient times and across various cultures and religions. In history, it has been associated with witchcraft, sorcery, and satanism. Those who engage in black magic are often referred to as black magicians or sorcerers. The practice of black magic typically involves the casting of spells, rituals, and the use of certain objects or ingredients believed to possess magical properties.
A.2.2.3 nigromantia 与 necromantia 混淆完全是由于这两个词的相似性，并且由于这一混淆，necromantia 一词中的负面含义渗透到了黑（nigro-）当中。（换句话说，黑魔法中的黑所带有的负面含义，归根结底完全是由于necromantia 的错别字nigromantia 恰好能让人联想到黑）
3 nigromantia 与 necromantia 混淆完全是由于这两个词的相似性 并且由于这一混淆 necromantia 一词中的负面含义渗透到了黑 nigro- 当中 换句话说 黑魔法中的黑所带有的负面含义 归根结底 完全 是由于 necromantia 的错别字 nigromantia 恰好能让人联想到黑. 其实我在意的只是 在那么些使用 nigromantia 这个词的作者里 有没有人将这个词与 黑 扯上关系 因为如果在black art 一词出现以前 从来就没有人把 nigromantia 跟 黑 联系在一起过 那么 black art 以及其它语言中的对等词 与 nigromantia 之间就存在巨大的鸿沟 在没有一手文献的支撑下 对于目前我看到的资料 我只能说这种联系恐怕都是现代人而非古人的望文生义 事实上OED里提供的相关词源解释中用的都是possible.
The practice of black magic typically involves the casting of spells, rituals, and the use of certain objects or ingredients believed to possess magical properties. These spells and rituals are often performed with the aim of causing harm to others, gaining power or control over someone, or bringing misfortune and destruction. Some commonly used methods in black magic include curses, hexes, and summoning of spirits or demons.
魔法中黑魔法和白魔法的说法是哪个时代的哪个/群人提出来的？
根据上面的内容脑补一波，似乎应该是这样: 首先出现的是希腊文的死灵术 nekromanteía 一词，其对应的拉丁文为 necromantia。在一开始 necromantia 与其对应希腊文一样，专指通过死人占卜（死灵术），但到了12世纪左右，necromantia 一词发生了两个变化：a) necromantia 出现了变体 nigromantia ; b) necromantia /nigromantia 的词义从原先狭义的死灵术扩展为对非法魔法的泛指。而由于nigromantia 中的 nigro- 与黑的关系， 英语中 nigromantia 的对等词就是 black art，出现时间不晚于1572年。然而……
A.2.1 necromantia- nigromantia
A.2.1.1 首先，关于 nigromantia 这个词本身的出现的时间点，Edge 引用(n.34)的大约是 Burnett, p.2 里的
emmmm好像原文还是 necromantia.
不过 Burnett 在上下文里举的其它例子里，都出现了nigromantia , 例如 Petrus Alfonsi 的 Disciplina clericalis , Dominicus Gundissalinus 的 De divisione philosophiae. 其中Disciplina clericalis 是 1106 年左右的作品(Boudet), 因此从我收集到的资料来看，nigromantia 这个词本身的出现应该不会晚于12世纪初。
A.2.1.2 至于nigromantia 的词义从狭义的死灵术演变为一种泛指多种魔法的伞概念的例子，Petrus Alfonsi 著于1109年左右的 Dialogi contra Iudaeos 、以及 Hugo of Santalla 翻译的 Liber Aristotilis （其中 nigromantia 作为阿拉伯语sihr 的翻译）应该能算作例子(Burnett, p.3-5 ), 不过我暂时找不到这两部作品的拉丁文原文，不确定里面用的词是不是nigromantia 。如果原文里就是 nigromantia，那就可以下结论说12世纪初 nigromantia 就已经超越了原先靠死人占卜的词义。
A.2.2 necromantia, nigromantia 与“黑”-black art
按照 A.1 中列举的资料，nigromantia 是 necromantia 的 corruption。现在的问题就是，这个corruption是如何发生的，而 nigro-与“黑”的联系，同这一 corruption 有何关系。那大概能分为以下四种情况：
A.2.2.1 nigromantia 与 necromantia 混淆完全是由于这两个词的相似性，而跟词义完全无关；
A.2.2.2 nigromantia 与 necromantia 混淆有可能是由于这两个词的相似性，但也与黑（nigro-）本身的负面含义有关；
A.2.2.3 nigromantia 与 necromantia 混淆完全是由于这两个词的相似性，并且由于这一混淆，necromantia 一词中的负面含义渗透到了黑（nigro-）当中。（换句话说，黑魔法中的黑所带有的负面含义，归根结底完全是由于necromantia 的错别字nigromantia 恰好能让人联想到黑）
A.2.2.4 按照 A.1 OED 的"black art"词条，（选中部分文字）似乎是在说，先有nigromantia 与 necromantia 的混淆，与此同时，“黑”也具备了某些特别的负面含义，而后由于流俗词源的缘故，nigromantia 与黑才扯上了关系。 （黑魔法中的黑所带有的负面含义并非全部来自nigromantia）
究竟是哪一种，由于缺乏一手资料，我目前还无法判断。不过探寻语言演变起源这种事还是有点emmm. 其实我在意的只是，在那么些使用nigromantia 这个词的作者里，有没有人将这个词与“黑”扯上关系。因为如果在black art 一词出现以前，从来就没有人把nigromantia 跟“黑”联系在一起过，那么，black art （以及其它语言中的对等词）与 nigromantia 之间就存在巨大的鸿沟。在没有一手文献的支撑下，对于目前我看到的资料，我只能说这种联系恐怕都是现代人而非古人的望文生义。（事实上OED里提供的相关词源解释中用的都是possible）
//将 nigromantia 读作 nigro-mantia 的一个例子：(Burnett, p.3 note.8)
A.2.3 black art- black/white magic
这沟就更大了。就我目前了解，在black/white magic跟black art这些词出现以前，与nigromantia /necromantia 对立的词（魔法、自然魔法、神通术, etc.）里没有一个是跟白/光有联系的。就black art而言，也没见到过什么white art。从OED的词条来看，英语中black art(1572年)跟black magic(1590年)和white magic(1614年)出现的时间大致处于同一个年代，似乎并没有James所暗示的那种严格的先后顺序。当然看OED肯定是没法精确断定某个词最早使用情况的，更不用说其它语言中的情况。因为black作为负面的形容词早在16世纪中叶就已存在（见下图），black magic一词完全可以不经过black art而直接创造出来，如果再加上某类某类A.2.2.2 或A.2.2.4 的情况（i.e.黑魔法中黑所带有的负面含义的发展史与nigromantia 跟 necromantia 的混淆互相独立），那black magic跟nigromantia/necromantia 其实就没有半毛钱关系。
总之，虽然在各种不知道几百手的文献里见到将black magic追溯至necromantia 的说法，但目前以我的水平，还无法理解这种“联系”。
Despite its notoriety and association with evil, black magic continues to fascinate and intrigue people. It is often depicted in popular culture, literature, and movies, where its practitioners are portrayed as powerful and dangerous individuals. However, it is important to note that black magic is considered highly unethical and goes against the principles of many religions and spiritual practices. In many societies and legal systems, the practice of black magic is illegal and punishable by law. This is due to the potential harm and manipulation it can cause to individuals and communities. Authorities often take measures to suppress and discourage the practice of black magic through education, awareness campaigns, and enforcement of laws. It is crucial to differentiate between black magic and other forms of magic or occult practices. Not all magic or spiritual practices are associated with malevolence or harm. Many forms of magic focus on positive and constructive purposes such as healing, spiritual growth, and personal development. In conclusion, black magic is a controversial and taboo topic that has fascinated and frightened people throughout history. Its association with evil and harm has led to its disapproval and prohibition in many societies. It is important to approach this topic with caution and understand the ethical considerations and potential consequences involved in practicing or engaging with black magic..
Reviews for "The Magickal Tools of True Black Magic Practitioners"
1. Jane - 2 stars - I found "True Black Magic" to be incredibly dull and uneventful. The pacing was slow, and the characters felt flat and one-dimensional. The plot lacked originality and failed to engage me from start to finish. I was disappointed with the lack of depth in the story and the overall lackluster execution. Overall, I would not recommend wasting your time on this book if you're looking for an engaging and compelling read.
2. Mark - 1 star - "True Black Magic" was a complete letdown. The writing style was clunky and awkward, making it difficult to immerse myself in the story. The plot felt disjointed and the characters were poorly developed. It was hard to connect with any of them or care about their journey. Additionally, the worldbuilding was shallow and lacked detail, leaving me feeling uninvested in the fantasy realm. I was highly disappointed with this book and would not recommend it to anyone.
3. Kelly - 2 stars - I had high hopes for "True Black Magic," but unfortunately, it fell flat for me. The story lacked depth and failed to deliver on its promising premise. The characters were uninteresting and their motivations felt forced. The worldbuilding felt incomplete, leaving many unanswered questions. The pacing was inconsistent, with long stretches of boredom followed by rushed action scenes. Overall, "True Black Magic" was a forgettable and disappointing read that I wouldn't recommend.
4. David - 1 star - "True Black Magic" was a tedious read from start to finish. The writing was overly descriptive and lacked clarity, making it hard to follow the plot. The characters were unmemorable and their actions often felt contrived. The pacing was slow, with little action to keep me engaged. To top it off, the ending was anticlimactic and left me feeling completely unsatisfied. I regret picking up this book and would not recommend it to anyone.