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Rebecca Nurse

Image: The Towne Sisters
This plaster statue depicts sisters Rebecca Towne Nurse, Mary Towne Easty, and Sarah Towne Cloyce wearing shackles. Nurse and Easty were hanged, but Cloyce was later released. The statue is located in the Salem Wax Museum of Witches and Seafarers.

Rebecca Towne was baptized at Yarmouth, England, on February 21, 1621. She came to Salem, Massachusetts with her family in 1640. In about 1645, she married Francis Nurse, who was described as a tray maker. The making of trays and similar articles of domestic use was important employment in the remote countryside.

In 1692, the “black cloud of the witchcraft delusion descended upon Salem Village.” Rebecca Nurse was a 71-year-old invalid who had raised a family of eight children. Her family had been involved in several land disputes, which could have caused ill-feelings among some of the residents of Salem. Nevertheless, most of her contemporaries sympathized with her.

The Accusation
Soon after the first of the women had been accused of witchcraft, Rebecca Nurse discovered that her name had also been mentioned as a suspect. On March 23, a warrant was issued for her arrest upon the complaint of Edward and John Putnam – the Putnam family was among those that had been involved in land disputes with Rebecca and her husband. Rebecca stated that she was innocent, but was committed to the Salem jail.

It was written of Nurse:

This venerable lady, whose conversation and bearing were so truly saint-like, was an invalid of extremely delicate condition and appearance, the mother of a large family, embracing sons, daughters, grandchildren, and one or more great-grand children. She was a woman of piety, and simplicity of heart.

That her reputation was virtually unblemished was evidenced by the fact that several of the most active accusers of others were hesitant in their accusations of Rebecca, and many who had kept silent during the proceedings against others, came forward and spoke out on Rebecca’s behalf, despite the dangers of doing so.

Thirty-nine of the most prominent members of the community signed a petition on Rebecca’s behalf, and several others wrote individual petitions vouching for her innocence. One of the signers of the petition, Jonathan Putnam, had originally sworn out the complaint against her, but apparently had later changed his mind on the matter of her guilt.

The Trial
On June 29, 1692, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Sarah Wildes, Sarah Good, and Elizabeth Howe were tried for witchcraft. During Rebecca’s questioning, the magistrate showed signs of doubting her guilt, because of her age, character, appearance, and professions of innocence. But every time he began to waiver on the issue, someone else in the crowd would heatedly accuse her, or one of the afflicted girls would go into fits again.

When she realized that the magistrate and the audience had sided with the afflicted girls, Rebecca replied, “I have got nobody to look to but God.” She then tried to raise her hands, but the afflicted girls fell into dreadful fits at the motion.

The Verdict
On June 30, the jury came back with a verdict of Not Guilty . When this was announced, there was a large and hideous outcry from both the afflicted girls and the spectators. The magistrates urged the jury to reconsider, which wasn’t uncommon in the seventeenth century. Chief Justice Stoughton asked the jury if they had understood the implications of something Nurse had said during her trial.

Though it seems that none of the accused realized it at the time, no one who confessed to witchcraft was ever executed. They merely stated that they had dabbled in the black arts, promised never to do so again, and all was forgiven. These confessors often accused others of witchcraft, because the magistrates would then look upon them kindly and release them from prison.

During Rebecca’s trial, Abigail Hobbs had confessed to witchcraft and had testified that Rebecca was truly a witch. Nurse had said “What do you bring her? She is one of us,” meaning that Hobbs was a fellow prisoner. Rebecca was partially hard of hearing, and exhausted from the day in court. When she was asked to explain her words, “she is one of us,” she didn’t hear the question. The jury took her silence as an indication of guilt.

The jury deliberated a second time and came back with a verdict of Guilty .

Rebecca’s family immediately did what they could to rectify the mistake that had caused her to be condemned. She was granted a reprieve by Governor Phips, but when it was issued, the accusers began having renewed fits. The community saw these fits as conclusive proof of Nurse’s guilt.

On July 3, 1692, the Reverend Nicholas Noyes had Rebecca brought from her prison cell to the church she and her family attended. When she arrived, the Reverend excommunicated her before the congregation. Not until 1699 were members of the Nurse family welcomed back to communion at the church, and it was fifteen years later before the excommunication of Rebecca Nurse was revoked.

The Execution
On July 19, 1692, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, Sarah Good and Sarah Wildes were hauled in a cart to Gallows Hill. On the gallows, Rebecca was “a model of Christian behavior.” Legend says that at midnight Francis Nurse, his sons and sons-in-law found Rebecca’s body in the common grave where it had been flung and carried it home for a proper burial.

Public outrage at Nurse’s conviction and execution has been credited with generating the first vocal opposition to the Salem witchcraft trials. In 1711, her family was compensated by the government for her wrongful death.

Rebecca Nurse’s story is well-known, and has been written in many historical and fictionalized accounts of the trials. She is a central character in Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible . The PBS film, Three Sovereigns For Sarah , depicts Nurse and her family members as main characters, and features Vanessa Redgrave as Sarah Cloyce – Rebecca Nurse’s sister – who was imprisoned for more than a year, but was released after the witchcraft trials came to an end.

Related Posts:

• Mary Easty
• Sarah Wildes
• Susannah Martin
• Martha Corey
• Alice Parker
• Salem Witch Trials

An American Family History

Many factors led to the witchcraft accusations in Salem.

from Services at the Bi-Centennial of the First Parish of Framingham.

The first meeting-house stood on the rising ground, near the east side of the old burial ground. When it was raised is not known, but it does not seem to have been completed for some years, if it ever was. It must have been a very rude affair. It was shingled, boarded and clapboarded, but it was not painted, nor was it lathed and plastered. It faced the south and was entered on that side by a great door. The men who gathered there on Sundays were of a sturdy race. Some of them had witnessed dreadful scenes, as is indicated by the name given the place where they located, "Salem End."

They had seen their friends the victims of the terrible mania of witchcraft, some had come up out of great tribulation, and one Sarah Town Cloyes, wife of Peter Cloyes, had been in prison for months under the sentence of death. And now, in their new homes, they were for more than a generation listening for "the Injun's cracklin' tread," and dreaded Indian captivity for themselves and their children more than death itself. In times of alarm they kept a watch on Bare Hill (now called Normal Hill) while they attended service at the meeting-house.

from Family Memorials, Volume 1 by Henry Bond

John Cloyes [Cloyse, Cloyce, Clayes] a mariner, of Wat.. 1652, and then adm. freeman;

by wife Abigail, had,
1. John, b. in Wat., Aug. 26, 1638.
2. Peter, b. May 27, 1639.
3. Nathan, b. Mar. 6, 1642-3. May 3, 1656, he and wife Jane, then of Charlestown, sold to Samuel Stratlon, for £30 sterling, his barn and land in Wat., where his mansion had been burnt; also his interest in the meeting-house.

Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memoirs of Worcester County, Massachusetts by Ellery Bicknell Crane, The Lewis Publishing Company, 1907

Edmund Bridges, son of Edmund Bridges (l), was born in 1637 and died in 1682. He settled in Topsfield. Massachusetts, removed thence to Salem in 1668. He was a farmer. He married (first). January 11, 1660, Sarah Towne, daughter of William Towne. She married (second) Peter Cloyes, Sr., and during the witchcraft delusion came near being hanged for a witch.

The children of Edmund and Sarah Bridges were:
Edmund, born October. 4, 1660, at Topsfield;
Benjamin, born January 2, 1664-5, settled at Framingham, Massachusetts;
Mary, born April, 1662, at Topsfield;
Hannah, born at Salem, June 9, 1669;
Caleb, born June 3, 1677, of whom later.

©Roberta Tuller 2020
[email protected]
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Legends of America

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Traveling through American history, destinations & legends since 2003.

Rebecca Towne Nurse – Hanged as a Witch

Rebecca Nurse conceptualized drawing

Rebecca Towne Nurse of Salem Village, Massachusetts was probably the most famous of the “witches” of the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria.

Rebecca was one of three sisters accused and imprisoned for witchcraft. One of her sisters, Sarah Towne Cloyce survived. However, Rebecca and her sister Mary Towne Easty were hanged.

The daughter of William and Joanna Blessing Towne, Rebecca was born in Great Yarmouth, England in 1621. Her family later immigrated to the United States, settling in Salem Village in 1640. She married Francis Nurse in about 1644 and the couple would eventually have eight children. Her husband made a variety of wooden household items, a skill that was rare in the area, so he was much esteemed. He also rented a large 300-acre farm which he gradually bought over his lifetime. He was also often asked to be an unofficial judge to help settle matters around the village and in 1672, served as Salem’s Constable. The family was regular church members and were held in high esteem by the community. However, they had, unfortunately, been involved in a number of land disputes with the powerful Putnam family.

The elderly Rebecca Nurse is brought to the Salem Village Meeting House

On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for Rebecca’s arrest based on a complaint made by Edward and John Putnam. This took the village by surprise as Rebecca, who was 71 years old at the time, had acquired a reputation for exemplary piety in the community. Upon hearing of the accusations, Rebecca said, “I am innocent as the child unborn, but surely, what sin hath God found out in me unrepented of, that He should lay such an affliction on me in my old age.” A warrant was issued for her arrest on March 23, 1692, she was examined and sent to jail.

Although a large number of friends, neighbors, and family members wrote petitions testifying to her innocence, she was tried for acts of witchcraft in June 1692. In her trial, she, like others accused of witchcraft, represented herself since she was not allowed to have a lawyer represent her. Though a number of community members testified on her behalf, the young Ann Putnam, Jr. and other “afflicted” girls broke out into fits, claiming that Nurse was tormenting them. The jury first returned a “not guilty” verdict, but was told to reconsider, and then brought in a verdict of “guilty.”

Governor Phips pardoned her but was later persuaded to reverse his decision by several men from Salem. She was excommunicated from the Salem Village church and hanged on July 19, 1692. Her house in Danvers, the former Salem Village, still stands and is open to visitors. A large monument also marks her grave in the Nurse family cemetery on the grounds.

Less than 20 years after her death, she was fully exonerated.

Rebecca Nurse Homestead

©Kathy Weiser-Alexander, updated November 2020.

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