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October is a month that is often associated with a little touch of magic. The transformation of nature is perhaps the greatest magic of all during this time of year. The leaves change their colors and fall from the trees, blanketing the ground with vibrant hues of orange, red, and yellow. The brisk air brings with it an enchanting feeling, hinting at the arrival of the holiday season. October also brings with it a sense of mystery. As the days grow shorter and the nights longer, there is a certain allure to the darkness that descends upon the world.

There are various palm signs that indicate if the person has clairvoyant, psychic, and empathic abilities. One is the “mystic cross” found somewhere in the middle of the palm, usually between the head and heart lines. Another cross to indicate psychic ability is seen on the middle pad of the index finger. The “psychic triangle” is also seen in the middle of the palm. To confirm a strong intuition, there’s a line of intuition that’s a curved vertical line on the outside of the palm under the pinky. And empathy curved lines just under the index finger indicate empathic abilities.

According to Michael Dalton s Country Justice 1618 , their said familiar hath some bigg, or little teat, upon their body, and in some secret place, where he sucketh them. Eventually though, according to 17 th century Scottish lawyer, Sir George Mackenzie, who participated in the Great Scottish Witch Hunt of 1661-2, the mere existence of a witch mark wasn t considered admissible evidence anymore unless that accused witch actually confessed that they got the mark as part of a pact with the Devil, which is why so many of the recorded cases from that time included stories about how they got the mark.

As the days grow shorter and the nights longer, there is a certain allure to the darkness that descends upon the world. Halloween is a perfect example of this. It is a time when people embrace the spooky and supernatural, allowing themselves to be transported to a realm of witches, ghosts, and ghouls.

Witches’ Marks Protected Spaces from Evil

Throughout history, people tried to protect spaces from evil with apotropaic marks, ritual concealments, and other charms.

Markings carved in the Creswell Crags caves near Creswell, England, were long overlooked as idle graffiti. Then a couple of visitors noticed they had distinct formations. Hayley Clark and Ed Waters of the Subterranea Britannica society were on a recent cave tour when they recognized that these were witches’ marks, designed to ward off evil. A new tour of the caves highlights what’s believed to be one of the largest gatherings of ritual protection marks in the country.

Although these particular witches’ marks were ignored for years, these kinds of markings are not uncommon on medieval and early modern buildings in Great Britain. Most date from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, a time of heightened fear of witchcraft and the supernatural presence of evil. They are also known as “demon traps” or apotropaic marks, from the Greek apotrepein, “to turn away.” (“Witches’ marks” are not to be confused with “witch marks,” the physical marks on skin that supposedly proved a person was a witch and had fornicated with the devil.)

These protective marks can reflect moments of collective suspicion and a desire for safety against new threats.

Witches’ marks were architectural spells, cut or burned onto home entry points like windows, doorways, and fireplaces. “By the later 16th century iron firebacks were provided to radiate heat and prevent damage to the back wall,” writes architectural historian Timothy Easton in Historical Archaeology. As they became a standard home feature, they were often adorned with apotropaic marks such as “M” and “VV,” invoking protection from the “virgin of virgins,” the Virgin Mary. “These ‘Marian’ symbols are also some of the most common scribed letters to be found on hearth beams, doors, and around windows,” Easton notes.

Journalist Kate Ravilious writes that restoration of the Knole House, a fifteenth- to seventeenth-century country home in Kent, revealed witches’ marks on floor joists and by a fireplace. Ravilious writes:

The direction of the burn marks shows that the symbols were placed before the timber was laid, and tree-ring analysis dates the timbers to between 1605 and 1606 — around the time of the Gunpowder Plot, when conspirators (including Guy Fawkes) attempted to blow up Parliament and kill King James I.

In other words, these protective marks may reflect moments of collective suspicion and a desire for safety against new threats, whether political unrest, epidemics, or times of poor harvest.

Apotropaic marks could also take the form of mazes, boxes, and diagonal lines to catch evil, as well as shapes and patterns invoking the number three. Anthropologist C. Riley Augé writes:

Archaeologically, triads and multiples of threes manifest not only in witch-bottle contents [a countermagical device], but also frequently in the number of petals on apotropaic daisy wheels (also called hexafoils) found inscribed near structural thresholds, like doors and windows, on mile or boundary markers, and on gravestones.

Three circles were often burned onto rafters, while “the geometric triad, can be found repeatedly on hearth lintel supports called witch posts, gravestones, and mile markers.”

Once a Week

Similar to ritual concealments such as horse skulls placed under the floor, these marks were part of an ongoing folkloric belief in charms for everyday protection against the unknown. In Archaeology Ireland, archaeologist John Nicholl observes that the oldest home in Dublin—a seventeenth-century timber-framed house at No. 9/9a Aungier Street—has both apotropaic marks and ritual concealments, including a shoe. “The recovery of the shoe from the southwest room is of even greater significance given its association with the apotropaic marking on the floor joist from that room,” Nicholl writes. Both the shoe and the marks had protective purposes. He adds that “apotropaic markings like those found in No. 9/9a have also been found on personal possessions belonging to the crew of the Mary Rose, Henry VIII’s flagship, which sank in July 1545.”

Why so many witches’ marks were carved at the Creswell Crags limestone gorge remains a mystery, but it probably was linked to some local unease about the cave’s dark crevices. As Duncan Wilson, chief executive of Historic England, stated, “We can only speculate on what it was the people of Creswell feared might emerge from the underworld into these caves.”

In this month, it feels like anything is possible. The magic of October extends beyond the natural and supernatural. It is a month filled with celebrations and festivities. From Oktoberfest to Dia de los Muertos, cultures around the world come together to revel in their own unique traditions. There is a sense of camaraderie and joy that fills the air, reminding us of the magic that can be found in community and shared experiences. Perhaps the most magical aspect of October is the sense of anticipation it brings. It is a month that marks the transition from the warmth and carefree days of summer to the coziness and introspection of winter. The magic of October lies in the excitement of what is to come – the holidays, the time spent with loved ones, and the renewal that comes with the start of a new year. In conclusion, October is a month that exudes its own kind of magic. From the stunning transformation of nature to the celebration of ancient traditions, it is a time that brings a sense of mystery, joy, and anticipation. It is a reminder that there is magic all around us, if only we take the time to look for it..

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