Half Magic is a charming and hilarious children's novel written by Edward Eager. The story revolves around four siblings - Jane, Mark, Katharine, and Martha - who stumble upon a magical coin that grants half of whatever they wish for. At first, they are thrilled by their newfound powers, but soon realize that half magic can be quite tricky. The children's wishes are always granted, but only halfway. For example, when Jane wishes for a luxurious holiday, they end up half transported to a desert island with only half of their clothes and half of their provisions. They learn that in order for their wishes to be fulfilled completely, they need to wish for double what they actually want.
They learn that in order for their wishes to be fulfilled completely, they need to wish for double what they actually want. As they continue to explore the possibilities of half magic, the children encounter various adventures. They meet a talking cat, travel back in time to King Arthur's court, and even encounter a bully named the White Persian.
lightning-commando-rune
The commando-rune RPC command creates a base64 string called a
rune which can be used to access commands on this node. Each rune
contains a unique id (a number starting at 0), and can have
restrictions inside it. Nobody can remove restrictions from a rune: if
you try, the rune will be rejected. There is no limit on how many
runes you can issue; the node simply decodes
and checks them as they are received (we do store them for lightning-commando-listrunes(7) however).
If rune is supplied, the restrictions are simple appended to that
rune (it doesn't need to be a rune belonging to this node). If no
rune is supplied, a new one is constructed, with a new unique id.
restrictions can be the string "readonly" (creates a rune which
allows most get and list commands, and the summary command), or
an array of restrictions.
Each restriction is an array of one or more alternatives, such as "method
is listpeers", or "method is listpeers OR time is before 2023". Alternatives use a simple language to examine the command which is
being run:
- time: the current UNIX time, e.g. "time
- id: the node_id of the peer, e.g. "id=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605".
- method: the command being run, e.g. "method=withdraw".
- rate: the rate limit, per minute, e.g. "rate=60".
- pnum: the number of parameters. e.g. "pnum
- pnameX: the parameter named X (with any punctuation like _ removed). e.g. "pnamedestination=1RustyRX2oai4EYYDpQGWvEL62BBGqN9T".
- parrN: the N'th parameter. e.g. "parr0=1RustyRX2oai4EYYDpQGWvEL62BBGqN9T".
Restrictions are one or more alternatives. Each
alternative is name operator value. The valid names are shown
above. Note that if a value contains \\ , it must be preceeded by another \\
to form valid JSON:
- = : passes if equal ie. identical. e.g. method=withdraw
- / : not equals, e.g. method/withdraw
- ^ : starts with, e.g. id^024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f
- $ : ends with, e.g. id$381df1cc449605 .
- ~ : contains, e.g. id~006f1e3937f65f66c40 .
- < : is a decimal integer, and is less than. e.g. time
- > : is a decimal integer, and is greater than. e.g. time>1656759180
- < : preceeds in alphabetical order (or matches but is shorter), e.g. id
- > : follows in alphabetical order (or matches but is longer), e.g. id>02ff .
- # : a comment, ignored, e.g. dumb example# .
- ! : only passes if the name does not exist. e.g. pnamedestination! .
Every other operator except # fails if name does not exist!
This creates a fresh rune which can do anything:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune
We can add restrictions to that rune, like so:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune rune=KUhZzNlECC7pYsz3QVbF1TqjIUYi3oyESTI7n60hLMs9MA== restrictions=readonly
The "readonly" restriction is a short-cut for two restrictions:
- ["method^list", "method^get", "method=summary"] : You may call list, get or summary.
- ["method/listdatastore"] : But not listdatastore: that contains sensitive stuff!
We can do the same manually, like so:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune rune=KUhZzNlECC7pYsz3QVbF1TqjIUYi3oyESTI7n60hLMs9MA== restrictions='[["method^list", "method^get", "method=summary"],["method/listdatastore"]]'
Let's create a rune which lets a specific peer
(024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605)
run "listpeers" on themselves:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune restrictions='[["id=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605"],["method=listpeers"],["pnum=1"],["pnameid=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605","parr0=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605"]]'
This allows listpeers with 1 argument ( pnum=1 ), which is either by name ( pnameid ), or position ( parr0 ). We could shorten this in several ways: either allowing only positional or named parameters, or by testing the start of the parameters only. Here's an example which only checks the first 9 bytes of the listpeers parameter:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune restrictions='[["id=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605"],["method=listpeers"],["pnum=1"],["pnameid^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393", "parr0^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393"]'
Before we give this to our peer, let's add two more restrictions: that
it only be usable for 24 hours from now ( time < ), and that it can only
be used twice a minute ( rate=2 ). date +%s can give us the current
time in seconds:
$ lightning-cli commando-rune rune=fTQnfL05coEbiBO8SS0cvQwCcPLxE9c02pZCC6HRVEY9MyZpZD0wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5MzdmNjVmNjZjNDA4ZTZkYThlMWNhNzI4ZWE0MzIyMmE3MzgxZGYxY2M0NDk2MDUmbWV0aG9kPWxpc3RwZWVycyZwbnVtPTEmcG5hbWVpZF4wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5M3xwYXJyMF4wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5Mw== restrictions='[["time
You can also use lightning-decode(7) to examine runes you have been given:
$ .lightning-cli decode tU-RLjMiDpY2U0o3W1oFowar36RFGpWloPbW9-RuZdo9MyZpZD0wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5MzdmNjVmNjZjNDA4ZTZkYThlMWNhNzI4ZWE0MzIyMmE3MzgxZGYxY2M0NDk2MDUmbWV0aG9kPWxpc3RwZWVycyZwbnVtPTEmcG5hbWVpZF4wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5M3xwYXJyMF4wMjRiOWExZmE4ZTAwNmYxZTM5MyZ0aW1lPDE2NTY5MjA1MzgmcmF0ZT0y < "type": "rune", "unique_id": "3", "string": "b54f912e33220e9636534a375b5a05a306abdfa4451a95a5a0f6d6f7e46e65da:=3&id=024b9a1fa8e006f1e3937f65f66c408e6da8e1ca728ea43222a7381df1cc449605&method=listpeers&pnum=1&pnameid^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393|parr0^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393&time, < "alternatives": [ "method=listpeers" ], "summary": "method (of command) equal to 'listpeers'" >, < "alternatives": [ "pnum=1" ], "summary": "pnum (number of command parameters) equal to 1" >, < "alternatives": [ "pnameid^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393", "parr0^024b9a1fa8e006f1e393" ], "summary": "pnameid (object parameter 'id') starts with '024b9a1fa8e006f1e393' OR parr0 (array parameter #0) starts with '024b9a1fa8e006f1e393'" >, < "alternatives": [ "time, < "alternatives": [ "rate=2" ], "summary": "rate (max per minute) equal to 2" >], "valid": true > Because anyone can add a restriction to a rune, you can always turn a
normal rune into a read-only rune, or restrict access for 30 minutes
from the time you give it to someone. Adding restrictions before
sharing runes is best practice.
If a rune has a ratelimit, any derived rune will have the same id, and
thus will compete for that ratelimit. You might want to consider
adding a tighter ratelimit to a rune before sharing it, so you will
keep the remainder. For example, if you rune has a limit of 60 times
per minute, adding a limit of 5 times per minute and handing that rune
out means you can still use your original rune 55 times per minute.
On success, an object is returned, containing:
- rune (string): the resulting rune
- unique_id (string): the id of this rune: this is set at creation and cannot be changed (even as restrictions are added)
The following warnings may also be returned:
- warning_unrestricted_rune: A warning shown when runes are created with powers that could drain your node
Rusty Russell < [email protected] > wrote the original Python
commando.py plugin, the in-tree commando plugin, and this manual page.
Christian Decker came up with the name "commando", which almost
excuses his previous adoption of the name "Eltoo".
Each restriction is an array of one or more alternatives, such as "method
is listpeers", or "method is listpeers OR time is before 2023". Alternatives use a simple language to examine the command which is
being run:
Through it all, they learn important lessons about friendship, bravery, and the power of imagination. Edward Eager's writing style is whimsical and playful, making Half Magic a delightful read for both children and adults. The characters are relatable and endearing, and their magical misadventures will keep readers entertained from beginning to end. One of the key themes in Half Magic is the idea that magic can be both wonderful and dangerous. The children quickly discover that their wishes can have unintended consequences, leading to hilarious situations. This teaches them to be careful with their desires and consider the potential outcomes before making a wish. It also underscores the importance of working together as a team and being mindful of the needs and wants of others. Overall, Half Magic is a delightful children's book that combines humor, adventure, and the power of imagination. Through the magical adventures of the four siblings, Edward Eager reminds us of the joy and wonder that can be found in the smallest of things. It serves as a reminder that sometimes, even half magic is enough to make dreams come true..
Reviews for "The Art of Mastering Half Magic: Unlocking Gtippie Brow Secrets"
1. Karen - 1 star - Unfortunately, I found "Half magic gtippie brow" to be a complete waste of time. The plot was underdeveloped and the characters lacked depth. I couldn't connect with any of them and found myself struggling to care about what happened to them. Additionally, the writing style was confusing and hard to follow. Overall, I was left feeling disappointed and unsatisfied with this book.
2. John - 2 stars - "Half magic gtippie brow" had an interesting premise, but it fell short in execution. The story jumped around too much, making it difficult to keep track of what was happening. The dialogue felt forced and unnatural, and the pacing was uneven. The characters were forgettable and lacked development, and I never felt invested in their journey. I was hoping for an engaging and captivating read, but unfortunately, this was not the case.
3. Samantha - 2 stars - I had high expectations for "Half magic gtippie brow," but I was left unimpressed. The writing style was overly simplistic, and the story lacked depth and originality. The characters felt one-dimensional, and their actions often didn't make sense. I struggled to find any redeeming qualities in this book and was ultimately left disappointed. I would not recommend this to anyone looking for a captivating and well-crafted story.
4. Michael - 1 star - "Half magic gtippie brow" was a confusing and poorly written mess. The plot was convoluted, and the narrative jumped around without clear direction. The characters were flat and uninteresting, making it difficult to care about their fates. The writing was full of grammatical errors and inconsistencies, and it was a chore to read. Overall, this book was a disappointment, and I wouldn't recommend it to anyone.
5. Jessica - 2 stars - I found "Half magic gtippie brow" to be quite underwhelming. The story lacked originality and had predictable plot twists. The dialogue was stilted and unnatural, and the characters were poorly developed. There were also several inconsistencies and plot holes throughout the book that detracted from the reading experience. Overall, I was left feeling unengaged and unsatisfied with this novel.