Working as a rune carving trainee can be an exciting and rewarding experience. In this role, trainees have the opportunity to learn and develop their skills in the ancient art of rune carving, which dates back to prehistoric times. Rune carving is a form of writing that uses symbols called runes. These symbols were used by various ancient Germanic and Nordic peoples, such as the Vikings, as a means of communication, divination, and magical purposes. As a trainee, one can expect to learn about the history and significance of each rune symbol, as well as the techniques and tools used in rune carving. This includes understanding the meanings and associations of each rune, as well as the different ways they can be carved into various materials, such as wood, stone, or metal.
Papua New Guinea is under growing international pressure to respond to the violence after a series of high-profile cases made world headlines.
Many speakers stressed that Pentecostal churches with their emphasis on Satan and their campaigns of spiritual warfare were fomenting beliefs in witchcraft and sorcery. Sorcery practices are also now being commodified and increasingly able to be bought at local markets as new modes of accessing power, meaning that a far greater range of people have access to them than previously.
This includes understanding the meanings and associations of each rune, as well as the different ways they can be carved into various materials, such as wood, stone, or metal. Trainees also have the opportunity to practice and hone their carving skills under the guidance of experienced rune carvers. This includes learning proper carving techniques, such as using different types of chisels and knives, and mastering the intricacies of each rune's design.
Witch hunts in Papua New Guinea linked to jealousy
CANBERRA, Australia (AP) — On a tropical island where most people live in huts, assailants armed with guns, machetes and axes stormed the wooden house by night. They set the building on fire and took away four female relatives to be tortured. Their alleged crime: witchcraft.
Helen Rumbali was beheaded. Her older sister and two teenage nieces were repeatedly slashed with knives before being released following negotiations with police.
Deadly violence linked to witch hunts is an increasingly visible problem in Papua New Guinea — a diverse tribal society of more than 800 languages and 7 million people who are mostly subsistence farmers. Experts say witch hunting appears to be spreading to parts of the country where such practices never took place before, but they and government officials in the South Pacific nation seem at a loss to say why it appears to be growing.
Some are arguing the recent violence is fueled not by the nation’s widespread belief in black magic but instead by economic jealousy born of a mining boom that has widened the country’s economic divide and pitted the haves against the have-nots.
“Jealousy is causing a lot of hatred,” said Helen Hakena, chairwoman of the North Bougainville Human Rights Committee, which is based in the area Rumbali was killed. “People who are so jealous of those who are doing well in life, they resort to what our people believe in, sorcery, to kill them, to stop them continuing their own development.”
Rumbali’s assailants claimed they had clear proof the 40-something former schoolteacher had used sorcery to kill another villager who died of sickness: The victim’s grave bore the marks of black magic, and a swarm of fire flies apparently led witch hunters to Rumbali’s home.
Hakena said the witchcraft accusation against Rumbali was just an excuse.
“That was definitely a case of jealousy because her family is really quite well off,” Hakena said.
She said villagers were envious because Rumbali’s husband and son had government jobs, they had a “permanent house” made of wood, and the family had tertiary educations and high social standing.
The United Nations has documented hundreds of cases of sorcery-related violence in Papua New Guinea in recent years and many more cases in remote areas are thought to have gone unreported. It found the attacks are often carried out with impunity.
Until last month, the country’s 42-year-old Sorcery Act allowed for a belief in black magic to be used as a partial legal defense for killing someone suspected of inflicting harm through sorcery. The government repealed the law in response to the recent violence.
“There’s no doubt that there are really genuine beliefs there and in some circumstances that is what is motivating people: the belief that if they don’t kill this person, then this person is going to continue to bring death and misfortune and sickness on their village,” said Miranda Forsyth, a lawyer at Australian National University who has studied the issue.
But she said recent cases in Papua New Guinea don’t appear to be motivated by a genuine belief in the occult, but instead are a pretext under which the wealthy can be attacked by poorer neighbors, and, many times, get away with it.
She and other experts on witchcraft in the Melanesia region believe Papua New Guinea’s newfound prosperity and the growing inequality in its traditionally egalitarian culture is a significant cause of the violence. Neighboring Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands, where belief in black magic is also widespread, haven’t seen the same level of extreme violence against accused witches.
The difference, they say, is that Papua New Guinea has had the fastest economic growth.
A wealth of mineral resources and natural gas has transformed the nation’s long-stagnant economy into one of the world’s fastest growing over the past decade, increasing on average almost 7 percent annually from 2007 to 2010. Growth peaked at 8.9 percent in 2011 before slowing to 8 percent last year.
The Asian Development Bank reported last year that Papua New Guinea has one of the highest levels of inequality, if not the highest, in the Asia-Pacific region.
These socio-economic problems have inevitably played into a cultural landscape that includes a belief in witches and black magic, said Kate Schuetze, a regional researcher for Amnesty International.
“There is always a reason for the accusation, whether it’s jealousy, wanting to access someone else’s land, a personal grudge against that person or a previous land dispute,” Schuetze said.
Papua New Guinea Deputy Public Prosecutor Ravunama Auka doesn’t buy that jealousy has been behind a significant number of the sorcery-related slayings he had dealt with. While he did not have statistics, he said most victims were slain due to a genuine belief that they had killed through sorcery.
Auka had no doubt sorcery-related slayings were increasing, but could not explain why.
“There are all sorts of reasons, not only because some people are wealthy and some are not,” Auka said.
Another possible explanation is the spread of particularly vicious sorcery beliefs that before were just seen in the highland province of Chimbu, said anthropologist Philip Gibbs, a sorcery specialist and Roman Catholic priest who has lived in the wilds of Papua New Guinea for the past 41 years.
In Chimbu, people bury their dead in concrete so that the bodies will not be eaten at night by small demonic animals that they believe can possess the living. Villagers pay witch doctors to divine who among them are possessed by these demons, which they believe leave the person’s body at night and take on the form of any small animal.
Gibbs said those suspected of being possessed are often tortured to make confessions and are sometimes killed.
“That form is spreading to other provinces where it’s never existed before and we’re asking the question why,” Gibbs said.
Accused families abandon their small farms in a hurry, usually taking only what they can carry in a bag. The villagers must then decide who occupies the vacant land.
“That’s where the jealousy and the greed can come in,” Gibbs said.
Papua New Guinea is under growing international pressure to respond to the violence after a series of high-profile cases made world headlines.
In February, a mob stripped, tortured and bound a woman accused of witchcraft, then burned her alive in front of hundreds of horrified witnesses in Mount Hagan, the country’s third largest city. In July, police arrested 29 people accused of being part of a cannibal cult in Papua New Guinea’s jungle interior and charged them with the murders of seven suspected witch doctors.
In the case of Rumbali, which took place in April, no arrests have been made, but police said they are treating it as first-degree murder.
Police Senior Inspector Cletus Tsien would not speculate on the motive for the crime.
“We know that this family was wealthy. We know that maybe there were bits and pieces of jealousy. We know they were accused of sorcery . but there’s no concrete evidence as to which factor contributed to the death of the late woman,” Tsien said.
“That form is spreading to other provinces where it’s never existed before and we’re asking the question why,” Gibbs said.
In addition to practical skills, trainees will also gain knowledge of the cultural and spiritual aspects tied to rune carving. This includes understanding the runes' connections to ancient Norse mythology, as well as their use in rituals and ceremonial practices. Overall, working as a rune carving trainee provides a unique opportunity to learn and engage with a centuries-old tradition. It allows individuals to tap into the ancient wisdom and spiritual practices of the past, and contribute to the preservation and continuation of this rich cultural heritage..
Reviews for "The Lesser Known Runes: Expanding Your Knowledge as a Trainee"
- Samantha - 2 stars - I was really excited to read "Rune Carving Trainee" as I am a fan of fantasy novels, but unfortunately, I was highly disappointed. The plot was weak and predictable, and the characters lacked depth. The writing style was also quite amateurish, with awkward dialogue and repetitive descriptions. Overall, I felt the story didn't live up to its potential and I wouldn't recommend it to others.
- Ben - 1 star - I found "Rune Carving Trainee" to be a tedious read. The pacing was incredibly slow, and I struggled to stay engaged with the story. The world-building was weak and confusing, leaving me feeling disconnected from the setting. Additionally, I found the main character to be unlikable and had no interest in their journey. Overall, I felt like I wasted my time reading this book and wouldn't recommend it to anyone.
- Emily - 2 stars - I had high hopes for "Rune Carving Trainee," but unfortunately, it fell short of my expectations. The writing was full of grammatical errors and awkward sentence structures, making it difficult to immerse myself in the story. The plot was convoluted and lacked a clear direction, leaving me feeling confused and disinterested. The characters were one-dimensional and lacked any real depth or development. Overall, I was disappointed with this book and would advise others to skip it.