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The girls performed peculiar antics. They screamed without visible provocation, thrust out their tongues, crouched under beds and tables, suffered from horrible convulsions and were unaccountably tortured by unseen beings, who left, nonetheless, obvious marks upon the bodies of the afflicted.[xxi] Such exotic behavior, it was thought, had to come from the Devil. We can recall, that the folks of Salem then began to believe all the girls claimed. When the folks heard the names of the accused, Salem turned from a New England town into a court of death. The ensuing trials were merciless.[xxii] The town was turned up-side-down.
Continued from previous page Winwar points out in his writings that when the doctors of Salem were not able to diagnose the cause of the girls behavior, they were the afflicted girls declared to be possessed by the Devil and his Demons. As a result of the dominant role that religion played in their lives, their belief in the existence of the Devil, their belief in the biblical teaching that witches were, in fact, real and one must not suffer a witch to live, and the oddity of the afflicted girls exotic symptoms, the accused witches lives were taken.
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Salem Revisited
« Continued from previous page » Winwar points out in his writings that when the doctors of Salem were not able to diagnose the cause of the girls' behavior, they were (the afflicted girls) declared to be possessed by the Devil and his Demons. Indeed, their behavior was peculiar, and thought incapable of being the result of a medical, or physical, cause, no matter how rational such an explanation might be. The afflicted girls' behavior is described by Winwar in the following passage.
The girls performed peculiar antics. They screamed without visible provocation, thrust out their tongues, crouched under beds and tables, suffered from horrible convulsions and were unaccountably tortured by unseen beings, who left, nonetheless, obvious marks upon the bodies of the afflicted.[xxi] Such exotic behavior, it was thought, had to come from the Devil. We can recall, that the folks of Salem then began to believe all the girls claimed. When the folks heard the names of the accused, Salem turned from a New England town into a court of death. The ensuing trials were merciless.[xxii] The town was turned up-side-down.
The jails overflowed with prisoners awaiting the arrival of the new governor from England for the trials to begin. Salem prison could hold no more; cartloads of the accused were sent to neighboring jails in Ipswich and Boston.[xxiii] It would not be too much of a stretch of the imagination to compare the Salem witchcraft trials with those of the French Revolution during the Jacobin rule of The Terror, a century later, or even the Red Scare or McCarthyism of the 1950's and 60's in the U.S.
We have now considered the way in which Puritan life was dominated by religion. We have understood that the Puritans of New England fervently belied in the existence of the Devil. We have considered the behavior and symptoms of the afflicted girls of Salem. We have seen how the town of Salem was turned from a New England village into a merciless court. What we must next discuss is the behavior of the accused witches and why they weresentenced to death.
Furthermore, a confession of witchcraft could have saved the lives of many of the executed accused, but they refused to admit to witchcraft, which should saysomething for the accused. Lets start with Bridget Bishop. We have learned Bridget Bishop was the first of the accused witches of Salem to stand trial and be sentenced to death.[xxiv] By considering the events of her trial we will understand why so many lost their lives. Why was Bridget Bishop seen as guilty upon being accused by the afflicted girls of witchcraft? The following is one explanation.
Many enemies had the high-handed, sharp-tongued hostelry keeper made for herself among the people of Salem. The women hated her because she scorned the drabness of their garb and disregarded the Puritan laws that fixed the apparel of every sober man and woman. Her bright paragon bodice, braided and looped with many colors, and her cloak of fine cut were the scandal of the town. The late hours she kept at her wayside inn entertaining the sailors at shuffleboard and checkers, horrified the pure in mind. Furthermore, for many years she had been under suspicion of witchcraft because of. accusations brought against her. But the good people of her neighborhood had long memories which they exercised zealously when they saw her lands multiply and her tavern thrive.[xxv]
This explanation alludes to the idea that if one were prosperous, and not a follower of the Puritan laws, he/she was vulnerable to the accusation of witchcraft. The trial of Bridget Bishop, like the subsequent ones, was not a mirror image of our trials of contemporary times. Innocent until proven guilty was not the philosophy of the Puritan courtroom! Consider the following from Bishop's trial.
What do you say of these murders you are charged with? . I am innocent. I know nothing of them. What contract have you made with the Devil. I made no contract. The shrieking drowned out her words and the judge's as the children fell into renewed agonies so excruciating that for some minutes the business could not proceed. The woman (it was believed) was working her witchcraft in defiance of the very court.[xxvi] The seemingly overwhelming evidence, to the court, against Bishop was presented by Jon Bly Sr. and William Bly. According to the testimony of these men, they found, at her old house, "Deponends in holes. . . belonging to the said Cellar found several puppets made up of Rags and hog's Bristles withheadless pins."[xxvii] Although the dolls, assumed to be instruments of witchcraft, were considered important evidence against Bishop, they never were brought in as physical evidence to the trial. But, physical evidence, in a courtroom that allowed specter evidence, was not needed to find guilt. Bridget Bishop had no chance of proving her innocence. She was either expected to admit she was guilty or be found guilty. The penalty was, of course, death.
Bridget Bishop was condemned. On the tenth of June (1692) George Corwin, thesheriff, would take her to the ledge of Gallow's Hill, there to hang her by the neck till she was dead.[xxviii] As stated earlier, the scriptures, according to Mosaic law, deemed that witches should be punished by death. Bridget Bishop was not the only person to die because of accusations of witchcraft. The case of Rebecca Nurse is a more severe and shocking example of the extent of the Puritan religious fanaticism of 1692. She was a seventy-one-year-old, respected lady at the time the accusations were brought against her. She was considered a saint by many in Salem. Yet, on July 3, 1692, she was excommunicated from the church in Salem and sentenced to death. On July 19, she fell victim to the noose. Tragic! Obviously, the Puritans who took the life of this grandmother were fanatics and blinded by their religious beliefs.[xxix]
The Puritans of Salem, in 1692, were not evil, murderous people. They were victims of the religious fanaticism of the day. As a result of the dominant role that religion played in their lives, their belief in the existence of the Devil, their belief in the biblical teaching that witches were, in fact, real and one must not suffer a witch to live, and the oddity of the afflicted girls' exotic symptoms, the accused witches' lives were taken. Oddly enough, another question arises that questions the Puritan's logic: Why were only the ones accused of witchcraft, that did not admit to the crime, hanged? Why weren't the confessed witches hanged? One need not be an extraordinarily sagacious scholar of American history to conclude that the loss of life during 1692, in Salem, was the result of Puritan religious fanaticism.
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Reviews for "Msxot Nsw Aubealia as a Tool for Personal Development: Nurturing Mind, Body, and Spirit"
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