Detailed Royal legends marshes curse instructions The legends surrounding royal marshes curses have fascinated people for centuries. These curses, said to have been cast by ancient monarchs, are believed to bring misfortune and tragedy to those who dare to disturb the marshlands. The origins of these curses are steeped in mystery and are often passed down through oral traditions. One of the most famous curses is said to have been cast by King Theodore, a medieval ruler who was known for his love of the marshes. It is said that King Theodore's curse was a response to the destruction of the marshlands by a neighboring kingdom. According to legend, King Theodore's curse is activated when someone enters the marshes with the intention of causing harm.
By Dr. Maria Wheeler-Dubas, Research and Science Education Outreach Manager
A resource of Biophilia Pittsburgh , bioPGH is a weekly blog and social media series that aims to encourage both children and adults to reconnect with nature and enjoy what each of our distinctive seasons has to offer. -The Weird Sisters, Macbeth When the wood gnarls and twists, And branches are balled up like fists, And twigs outward spray In a spooky, spiky way, Twisted by a pathogen s gloom Well, it might be witch s broom.
According to legend, King Theodore's curse is activated when someone enters the marshes with the intention of causing harm. The curse is said to be triggered by a specific set of actions, including the cutting down of trees, the pollution of the water, or the killing of animals within the marshlands. The curse is said to manifest itself in a variety of ways, depending on the severity of the offense.
What is a witchws broom callrd
By Dr. Maria Wheeler-Dubas, Research and Science Education Outreach Manager
A resource of Biophilia: Pittsburgh, #bioPGH is a weekly blog and social media series that aims to encourage both children and adults to reconnect with nature and enjoy what each of our distinctive seasons has to offer.
“Double, double toil and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.”
-The Weird Sisters, Macbeth When the wood gnarls and twists,
And branches are balled up like fists,
And twigs outward spray
In a spooky, spiky way,
Twisted by a pathogen’s gloom
Well, it might be witch’s broom!
-The Weird Maria, Phipps
Perhaps we won’t see witches actually flying on brooms this weekend, but you’re very likely to see a witch’s broom on a walk in the woods. “Witch’s broom” is a generic term for a plant condition that looks like a mass of tangled, twisted twigs and small branches clumped on a tree branch. These “brooms,” are named as such because they look like they belong to a spooky witch, of course. But what causes the mass? And are they are a problem for the plant? Pull up a toadstool and let’s chat by cauldron!
Witch’s brooms can occur on a number of different species of tree and shrubs, and a variety of different pathogens can cause them. For example, two different kinds of fungi can cause witch’s brooms on cherry trees, mites can do the same to hackberry trees, and phytoplasms (a group of bacteria that only attack plant vascular tissue) can create gnarly masses on a variety of a trees. Viruses and mutations within plant cells themselves can also lead to witch’s brooms.
How can these different infections all cause twisted masses of branches? It’s a little physiologically complicated, but essentially, the pathogen (whether a virus, bacteria, fungus, etc.) will interrupt a normal point of growth, like at a bud. Then, through a process that involves hijacking plant growth hormones, the pathogen induces unusual plant growth in a variety of directions — hence twigs and branches growing every which way around the mass of infection. In some cases, witch’s brooms seem to divert nutrients and thus be detrimental to plant; but in other cases, the masses don’t seem to be a problem for the tree. They can actually be ecologically beneficial as birds and squirrels use them for nesting.
If you want to hear a really scary tidbit, though, witch’s broom is a notorious nemesis of Theobroma cacao — chocolate trees! In this case, the witch’s broom is caused by the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa, and it truly is a problem. One of the biggest causes of cacao crop loss, M. perniciosa first moves into the living plant tissue and makes itself at home until the tissue dies…and the fugus proceeds to feed off of it. I’d call that witch’s broom fungus a little goblin! Imagine a chocolate shortage on Halloween. now that is the stuff of nightmares!
Wikimedia User Pictory1020, CC-BY-SA-4.0
Connecting to the Outdoors Tip: Witch's broom can occur on a wide variety of native Pennsylvania trees, both evergreen and deciduous. The next time you're out on a hike, keep an eye out for a mass of branches that doesn't seem to have been assembled by a squirrel. Depending on the tree and the pathogen, you may even notice a bit of withering on the branch holding the "broom."
Continue the Conversation: Share your nature discoveries with our community by posting to Twitter and Instagram with hashtag #bioPGH, and R.S.V.P. to attend our next Biophilia: Pittsburgh meeting.
P.S. I have an update on our black walnut adventure if you'd like to check it out!
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Photo credits: header, Pexels public domain; cover, Julian Paren CC-BY-SA-2.0
A resource of Biophilia: Pittsburgh, #bioPGH is a weekly blog and social media series that aims to encourage both children and adults to reconnect with nature and enjoy what each of our distinctive seasons has to offer.
Some claim to have seen ghostly apparitions and heard eerie sounds emanating from the marshes. Others report sudden illness or unexplained accidents befalling those who disturb the marshlands. To avoid falling victim to King Theodore's curse, certain precautions must be taken. First and foremost, one must show respect for the marshlands and its inhabitants. It is advised to seek permission from local authorities before entering the area and to follow any guidelines or rules that may be in place for its protection. Furthermore, it is crucial to avoid any actions that may be deemed harmful to the marshlands. This includes refraining from cutting down trees, polluting the water, or disturbing the natural habitat of the plants and animals residing within the marshes. If one does find themselves in the presence of the curse, there are certain steps that can be taken to appease the spirits. These include making offerings to the marshland deities, such as flowers or food, and performing rituals to seek forgiveness. While the legends surrounding royal marshes curses may be seen by some as mere superstition, they continue to captivate the imaginations of many. Whether one believes in their power or not, it is always wise to respect and protect the natural wonders of the marshlands, for they provide a vital habitat for countless species and contribute to the ecological balance of our planet..
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