The 1980 Olympics, also known as the Moscow Olympics, were marred by controversy due to the political situation at the time. The Soviet Union, under the rule of the Communist Party, hosted the games in Moscow. However, many countries boycotted the event in protest against the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. This political tension cast a shadow over the games and had a significant impact on the overall participation and atmosphere. The United States led the boycott of the Moscow Olympics and was joined by around 60 other countries. This decision was a direct response to the Soviet Union's military actions in Afghanistan.

hydraulic

From French hydraulique, from Latin hydraulicus, from Ancient Greek ὑδραυλικός ( hudraulikós , “ of a water organ ” ) , from ὕδραυλις ( húdraulis , “ water organ ” ) , from ὕδωρ ( húdōr , “ water ” ) +‎ αὐλός ( aulós , “ pipe ” ) [1] .

Pronunciation [ edit ]

• ( UK ) IPA (key) : /haɪˈdɹɒlɪk/
• ( US ) IPA (key) : /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪk/

Adjective [ edit ]

hydraulic (not comparable)

Pertaining to water. [from early 17th c.]

Tho' there are but seventeen feet water [sic] in the channel, I have seen vessels of five hundred ton enter into it. I know not why this entrance is left so neglected, as we are not in want of able engineers in France, in the hydraulic branch, a part of the mathematics to which I have most applyed [sic] myself.

A hydraulic press is operated by the differential pressure of water on pistons of different dimensions.

Derived terms [ edit ]

• diesel-hydraulic
• hydraulic belt
• hydraulic cement
• hydraulic conductivity
• hydraulic engineering
• hydraulic fracturing
• hydraulic horsepower
• hydraulic Keynesianism
• hydraulic lime
• hydraulic limestone
• hydraulic organ
• hydraulic radius
• hydraulic ram
• hydraulic retention time
• hygraulic
• nonhydraulic

hydraulics

While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• National Fluid Power Association - What is Hydraulics?
• University of Central Florida Pressbooks - Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics
• Physics LibreTexts - Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics

• hydraulics - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• hydraulics - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.

Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

• National Fluid Power Association - What is Hydraulics?
• University of Central Florida Pressbooks - Pascal’s Principle and Hydraulics
• Physics LibreTexts - Pascal's Principle and Hydraulics

• hydraulics - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
• hydraulics - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

hydraulics, branch of science concerned with the practical applications of fluids, primarily liquids, in motion. It is related to fluid mechanics, which in large part provides its theoretical foundation. Hydraulics deals with such matters as the flow of liquids in pipes, rivers, and channels and their confinement by dams and tanks. Some of its principles apply also to gases, usually in cases in which variations in density are relatively small. Consequently, the scope of hydraulics extends to such mechanical devices as fans and gas turbines and to pneumatic control systems.

Illustration of Pascal's principle at work in a hydraulic press. According to Pascal's principle, the original pressure (P₁) exerted on the small piston (A₁) will produce an equal pressure (P₂) on the large piston (A₂). However, because A₂ has 10 times the area of A₁, it will produce a force (F₂) that is 10 times greater than the original force (F₁). Through Pascal's principle, a relatively small force exerted on a hydraulic press can be magnified to the point where it will lift a car. (more)

Liquids in motion or under pressure did useful work for humanity for many centuries before French scientist-philosopher Blaise Pascal and Swiss physicist Daniel Bernoulli formulated the laws on which modern hydraulic power technology is based. Pascal’s principle, formulated about 1650, states that pressure in a liquid is transmitted equally in all directions; i.e, when water is made to fill a closed container, the application of pressure at any point will be transmitted to all sides of the container. In the hydraulic press, Pascal’s principle is used to gain an increase in force; a small force applied to a small piston in a small cylinder is transmitted through a tube to a large cylinder, where it presses equally against all sides of the cylinder, including the large piston.

Bernoulli’s theorem, formulated about a century later, states that energy in a fluid is due to elevation, motion, and pressure, and if there are no losses due to friction and no work done, the sum of the energies remains constant. Thus, kinetic energy, deriving from motion, can be partly converted to pressure energy by enlarging the cross section of a pipe, which slows down the flow but increases the area against which the fluid is pressing.

Gold miners used the hydraulic mining method in California during the 1860s. In hydraulic mining, high-pressure jets of water are used to break up rock and reach the gold behind it. (more)

Until the 19th century it was not possible to develop velocities and pressures much greater than those provided by nature, but the invention of pumps brought a vast potential for application of the discoveries of Pascal and Bernoulli. In 1882 the city of London built a hydraulic system that delivered pressurized water through street mains to drive machinery in factories. In 1906 an important advance in hydraulic techniques was made when an oil hydraulic system was installed to raise and control the guns of the USS Virginia. In the 1920s, self-contained hydraulic units consisting of a pump, controls, and motor were developed, opening the way to applications in machine tools, automobiles, farm equipment, earth-moving machinery, locomotives, ships, airplanes, and spacecraft.

In hydraulic power systems there are five elements: the driver, the pump, the control valves, the motor, and the load. The driver may be an electric motor or an engine of any type. The pump acts mainly to increase pressure. The motor may be a counterpart of the pump, transforming hydraulic input into mechanical output. Motors may produce either rotary or reciprocating motion in the load.

In the operation and control of machine tools, farm machinery, construction machinery, and mining machinery, fluid power can compete successfully with mechanical and electrical systems (see fluidics). Its chief advantages are flexibility and the ability to multiply forces efficiently; it also provides fast and accurate response to controls.

Three steps in the extraction of shale gas: drilling a borehole into the shale formation and lining it with pipe casing; fracking, or fracturing, the shale by injecting fluid under pressure; and producing gas that flows up the borehole, frequently accompanied by liquids. (more)

Hydraulic power systems have become one of the major energy-transmission technologies used by all phases of industrial, agricultural, and defense activity. Modern aircraft, for example, use hydraulic systems to activate their controls and to operate landing gears and brakes. Virtually all missiles, as well as their ground-support equipment, use fluid power. Automobiles use hydraulic power systems in their transmissions, brakes, and steering mechanisms. Mass production and its offspring, automation, in many industries have their foundations in the use of fluid power systems. Hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking, has allowed the extraction of natural gas and petroleum from previously inaccessible deposits.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Erik Gregersen.

How to Pronounce hydraulic?

Correct pronunciation for the word "hydraulic" is [ha͡ɪdɹˈɔːlɪk], [ha‍ɪdɹˈɔːlɪk], [h_aɪ_d_ɹ_ˈɔː_l_ɪ_k].

This decision was a direct response to the Soviet Union's military actions in Afghanistan. The invasion was seen as a violation of international law and a threat to the stability of the region. As a result, the American government decided that their athletes should not participate in the games as a form of protest.

What are the misspellings for hydraulic?

• hidraulic,
• hyrdraulic,
• hydralick,
• hydrolic,
• hydraullic,
• hydrualic,
• hydalic,
• hydrulic,
• hydralic,
• hydralics,
• hydroulic,
• hydrallic,
• hydrollic,
• hydrauilic,
• hydaulic,
• hydrauli,
• hydrylic,
• hydraluic,
• hydrulics,
• hydraullics

The impact of the boycott was substantial. Many top athletes from the boycotting countries were unable to compete, significantly diminishing the overall level of competition. This was particularly evident in track and field events, where the absence of athletes from the United States, considered a powerhouse in the sport, was keenly felt. Despite the boycott, the 1980 Olympics still had its moments of glory. Host country Soviet Union dominated the games, winning the most medals with a total of 195. Their success was unsurprising considering their formidable sports program and the support they provided athletes. Other countries like East Germany and Bulgaria also performed well, showcasing the strength of the Eastern Bloc nations' athletic prowess. The Moscow Olympics faced additional challenges in terms of logistical and infrastructural issues. The boycott by several countries meant that smaller delegations arrived in Moscow, leading to smaller crowds and diminished enthusiasm in some events. Additionally, there were technological difficulties, such as the inability to display results on the big screens, further dampening the overall experience for both spectators and athletes. In conclusion, the 1980 Moscow Olympics were marked by political controversy and the subsequent boycott of many countries. This significantly impacted the games, leading to reduced competition and overall enthusiasm. Despite these challenges, the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries enjoyed success in terms of medals, but the event will always be remembered as one of the most politically charged and divisive in Olympic history..

Reviews for "The Economic Benefits of Hosting the 1980 Olympics in Naxcot"

1. John - 1 star

I found the 1980 Olympics naxcot to be extremely disappointing. The storyline was weak and lacked depth. The characters were one-dimensional and unrelatable, making it difficult to become emotionally invested in their journey. Additionally, the pacing was slow, and the action scenes were poorly executed. Overall, I was left underwhelmed and wouldn't recommend this movie to others.

2. Sarah - 2 stars

While I appreciate the historical significance of the 1980 Olympics, I found the naxcot to be quite lackluster. The film failed to effectively capture the excitement and intensity of the games. Furthermore, the dialogue felt forced and at times was downright cringeworthy. The cinematography and visual effects were also subpar, making the overall viewing experience less enjoyable. I had high hopes for this film, but unfortunately, it fell short of my expectations.

3. Michael - 1.5 stars

As a fan of sports movies, I was particularly disappointed with the 1980 Olympics naxcot. The film lacked the necessary emotional depth and character development to truly engage the audience. The storyline felt predictable and cliché, leaving no room for surprise or intrigue. Though the performances were decent, the overall execution of the film was lackluster. I would suggest skipping this one and opting for a more captivating sports naxcot instead.

4. Emily - 2.5 stars

While the 1980 Olympics naxcot had its moments, overall, I was left feeling unsatisfied. The film tried to tackle too many storylines simultaneously, resulting in a lack of focus and cohesion. Additionally, some of the acting felt forced and unnatural, making it difficult to connect with the characters on an emotional level. Though the historical backdrop of the 1980 Olympics was interesting, it wasn't enough to save this film from its flaws. I would recommend it only to die-hard sports fans willing to overlook its shortcomings.

Naxcot's Cultural Showcase at the 1980 Olympics: A Great Success