"The wee remaining witch" Once upon a time, in a small village nestled amidst lush green hills, there lived a wee remaining witch named Willow. Willow was the last of her kind, as all the other witches had left or disappeared many years ago. She was different from the rest of the villagers, and they often treated her with suspicion and fear. Willow had a gentle heart and wanted nothing more than to be accepted and liked by her fellow villagers. But no matter how much she tried to fit in, her magical abilities and unique appearance always set her apart. She had bright green eyes that sparkled like emeralds, long dark hair that flowed like a mystical river, and a tiny birthmark in the shape of a crescent moon on her left cheek.

NFC Magic Gen4 Ultimate Card

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The only 13.56 MHz card you need. Bypass every filter, clone anything

What is it? This is an ultimate magic card - the only one you need to rule them all. It bypasses all filters currently seen in the wild and will fit any your need. Generation 4 brought a lot better f…

What is it?

This is an ultimate magic card - the only one you need to rule them all. It bypasses all filters currently seen in the wild and will fit any your need.

Generation 4 brought a lot better filter bypassing than all previous generations and implemented wide compatibility with all popular NFC card types.

It can act as the following cards [not all are supported by Flipper Zero now]:

• MIFARE Mini
• MIFARE 1k S50 4-byte UID
• MIFARE 1k S50 7-byte UID
• MIFARE 1k S50 10-byte UID
• MIFARE 4k S70 4-byte UID
• MIFARE 4k S70 7-byte UID
• MIFARE 4k S70 10-byte UID
• Ultralight
• Ultralight-C
• Ultralight Ev1
• NTAG

The corresponding functionality in Flipper Zero is currently under active development - more possibilities coming soon!

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gaylord M FOCker - ready to pwn your MIFARE tags

Hello everyone and a happy new year (well, aparently you can see how long it took me to finish this masterpiece :) ).
This time we will low dive a little into the world of RFID and NFC.
Did you ever want to scare the shit out of your customer in regards to the security of his door locking system?
Do you think it is cool to open gates with a Flipper Zero?
You like yourself some close combat Red Teaming?
Get your Flipper Zero and Proxmarks ready and follow along, as we cover some basics and carry out a variety of attacks.
As this is absolute uncharted territory for me, this will (like almost always) be very beginner friendly.

Introduction

I was always keen to know about the inner workings of all those door closing / access systems that I ran across in mostly all of my pentests. You know, the ones that you also have like in hotels, for train rides etc., where you get a creditcard look-a-like and can access certain areas with it, or pay in your canteen.
But where to start? Ofcourse I asked Iceman, because when you only enter stuff like Proxmark, RFID hacking, Chameleon mini, there will be no way around him. He pointet me to his Discord, after reaching out.
But there is a catch: I don’t feel comfy with Discord. Always a pain in the ass, because everything is so fast. Searching stuff is a pitty, and everything is full of noise. I tried to find answers to:

• Where should I start?
• What hardware is sufficient for a beginner?
• and so on …

But guess what - either nothing or so much it wouldn’t help.
So back to some old school google-fu and try & error, and blog about it.
This was also a good justification to buy myself a Flipper Zero, because you know I needed it for my research :)

She had bright green eyes that sparkled like emeralds, long dark hair that flowed like a mystical river, and a tiny birthmark in the shape of a crescent moon on her left cheek. While most witches were known for casting powerful spells and brewing potions, Willow was drawn to simpler forms of magic. She could make flowers bloom with a single touch, communicate with animals, and call upon the wind to carry her across the sky.

Terminology And Technical Background

First things first. What are we talking about in general?

RFID

RFID is an abreviation for R adio F requency Id entifikation.
It’s a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to transmit data that a receiver catches from an RFID tag. It is mostly one-way: tag -> reader .
The reader is also refered to as interrogator.
A tag at least consists of a chip or circuit and an antenna. There are active, passive and semi-passive tags, where the active version has it’s own powersource (so this adds to the components), the passive one is completely powered by the reader and the semi-passive one has a powered chip or circuit, but data transmission is powered by the reader.
Tags can be read-only or read-writeable.
RFID can operate on a variety of frequencies, like low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), ultra-high-frequency (UHF), microwave etc., ranging from 120 kHz upto 24,125 GHz. For further info see here.
The used frequency as well as the type of tag play a role when it comes to the range a tag can be read from. We are talking about 10 cm - 200 m.
Usecases are inventory management, asset / personal tracking like ID tags in animals, etc.

NFC

NFC stands for N ear F ield C ommunication.
It’s a transmission standard derived from RFID, so also based on electromagnetic induction.
Unlike RFID communication happens bi-directional: tag reader .
NFC uses the HF of RFID, which is 13,56 MHz, and as such is limited to a very close range of operation of about 10 cm max.
We are again dealing with passive and active tags. Think of your smartphone or credit card.
Usecases are wireless payment, door locking systems, student IDs, transportation, etc.

MIFARE World

MIFARE is a contacless chipcard technology developed by NXP Semiconductors and residing inside the NFC cosmos. The evolution of the tags somehow looks like this, where each step introduced new (security) features:

• MIFARE Classic 1k & 4k (EV1)
• MIFARE Ultralight (no security, more cost effective cheap tag)
• MIFARE DESFire
• MIFARE Plus

The tag’s data is stored in blocks, and these are aggregated to sectors.
For a MIFARE Classic 1K tag this looks like this:

Sector 0 block 0 always holds the UID of the tag.
The last block of each sector stores the access keys A and B , as well as the access bits for this specific sector.
Both keys can be tied to different access rights, like read-only or write. To carry out certain actions on these blocks you need to know the “password” in terms of the key(s).

Pic thankfully stolen from here

Sectors can be assigned to applications, so that you could e.g. store data for multiple access systems on one tag. The information about which application is assigned to what sector is stored in the so called M IFARE A pplication D irectory, see here.

Hardware

I personally started just with the Flipper Zero. It could read tags, emulate them (turns out not completely) and attack them with wordlists. But I ran into the situation that I was not able to get all keys with the attacks available from the Flipper (or where is simply failed the attacks), and it also lacks support (as of now) to be used with nfc-tools or pm3.
So I also bought myself a Proxmark3 easy, to carry out some more attacks.

Getting started

These abilities fascinated the villagers, but they were too frightened to approach her and witness her magic firsthand. One day, a terrible storm brewed over the village, and the villagers sought refuge in their homes. As the thunder roared and lightning cracked, Willow felt a deep sense of sadness. She longed to help her fellow villagers and show them that her magic was not something to be feared but rather a source of joy and comfort. Summoning all her courage, Willow ventured outside into the storm. With a wave of her hand, she commanded the wind to calm and the rain to cease. The villagers, peering through their windows, watched in awe as Willow danced gracefully amidst the sparkling droplets and swirling gusts. Her magic was mesmerizing, and for a moment, all fears and prejudices faded away. When the storm had finally subsided, the villagers came out of their homes and approached Willow with gratitude in their eyes. They apologized for their ignorance and welcomed her warmly into their community. From that day forward, Willow was no longer the strange witch on the outskirts but an integral part of the village, using her magic to bring happiness and peace to all. In the end, the wee remaining witch proved that her magic was not something to be feared but cherished. She taught her fellow villagers the importance of acceptance and understanding, reminding them that differences should be celebrated rather than shunned. Willow's story became a legend in the village, and her magic was passed down from generation to generation, ensuring that her legacy would live on forever..

Reviews for "Navigating the Witching World: The Wee Remaining Witch's Survival Guide"

1. Sara - 2/5 - I was really disappointed with "The wee remaining witch." The story felt overly simplistic and lacked depth. The characters were one-dimensional and I found it difficult to connect with any of them. Additionally, the plotline seemed rushed and predictable. I was hoping for a more engaging and thought-provoking read, but unfortunately, this book fell short for me.

2. Mark - 1/5 - I couldn't get into "The wee remaining witch" at all. The writing style was awkward and clunky, making it a struggle to keep reading. The dialogue felt forced and unnatural. The magical elements of the story were poorly explained and didn't add any sense of wonder or excitement. Overall, I found the book to be boring and tedious. I wouldn't recommend it.

3. Emily - 2/5 - I was expecting a charming and enchanting tale, but "The wee remaining witch" didn't deliver. The story lacked imagination and creativity, and I found it difficult to stay engaged. The characters were forgettable, and the plot felt disjointed. The ending was lackluster and unsatisfying. Unfortunately, this book didn't capture my interest or spark my imagination, so I can't say I enjoyed it.

4. Michael - 1/5 - "The wee remaining witch" was a complete waste of my time. The writing was amateurish and the story felt cliché and unoriginal. The pacing was off, with unnecessary scenes dragging on while important plot points were rushed through. The dialogue was cringe-worthy and I didn't find the attempts at humor amusing at all. I would advise others to skip this book if they're looking for a well-written and engaging read.

The Wee Remaining Witch: Protecting the Balance between Worlds