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Various denominations of Wiccan practices exist, each with its own unique rituals and beliefs. **Wicca, a modern pagan witchcraft religion**, has grown and evolved over the years, leading to the emergence of different traditions or denominations. These denominations, while sharing certain core principles and practices, often have distinct focuses or approaches. One such denomination is **Gardnerian Wicca**, founded by Gerald Gardner in the mid-20th century. It is considered one of the earliest and most influential Wiccan traditions. Gardnerian Wiccans place a strong emphasis on coven-based practice and **the Book of Shadows, a sacred text** that contains rituals, spells, and information about their tradition.

It’s called oxyluciferin, and it was a mystery until quite recently. Though bioluminescent mushrooms have long been studied by scientists, they weren’t sure why the fungi glowed until 2015, when a team of researchers figured out that the mushrooms use luciferins—light-emitting compounds found in other glowing animals and plants—to attract insects. The bugs then help spread their spores to sheltered places in the forest, which helps the mushroom species survive.

But now, reports Rachel Becker for The Verge , have researchers described the compound that gives the mushrooms their glow and figured out how it s made. But now, reports Rachel Becker for The Verge , have researchers described the compound that gives the mushrooms their glow and figured out how it s made.

Gardnerian Wiccans place a strong emphasis on coven-based practice and **the Book of Shadows, a sacred text** that contains rituals, spells, and information about their tradition. Another prominent tradition is **Alexandrian Wicca**, which was established in the 1960s by Alex Sanders, often called the "King of the Witches." Alexandrian Wiccans **incorporate ceremonial magic** and have a more **ritualized and structured approach** compared to other traditions.

The Secret Behind Bioluminescent Mushrooms’ Magic Glow

When is a mushroom more than just a mushroom? When it glows. It might sound like a psychedelic riddle, but when it comes to bioluminescent mushrooms, it’s reality. The glow-in-the-dark fungi have been found in places like Brazil and Vietnam. But now, reports Rachel Becker for The Verge, have researchers described the compound that gives the mushrooms their glow—and figured out how it's made.

It’s called oxyluciferin, and it was a mystery until quite recently. Though bioluminescent mushrooms have long been studied by scientists, they weren’t sure why the fungi glowed until 2015, when a team of researchers figured out that the mushrooms use luciferins—light-emitting compounds found in other glowing animals and plants—to attract insects. The bugs then help spread their spores to sheltered places in the forest, which helps the mushroom species survive.

Luciferins give fireflies and even bioluminescent underwater creatures their glow. Paired with an enzyme and oxygen, it releases light that illuminates the fungi. But how do the mushrooms make the stuff? A new study published in the journal Science Advances has the answer.

Scientists went foraging for the glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazil and Vietnam. Back in the lab, reports Becker, they crushed the mushrooms to make a slurry filled with luciferins. Then they isolated the luciferin and studied it, capturing its chemical structure and experimenting with its ability to fuel those flourescent colors.

Not only does the team now know that the mushrooms are fueled by their own kind of luciferin, but they also figured out that the enzyme that combines with the chemical to trigger light could be what they call “promiscuous.”

That means that the enzyme might be able to interact with different luciferins—and produce even more shades of that pretty glow. And that suggests that when it comes to these magical mushrooms, there’s even more to discover.

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Erin Blakemore is a Boulder, Colorado-based journalist. Her work has appeared in publications like The Washington Post, TIME, mental_floss, Popular Science and JSTOR Daily. Learn more at erinblakemore.com.

When is a mushroom more than just a mushroom? When it glows. It might sound like a psychedelic riddle, but when it comes to bioluminescent mushrooms, it’s reality. The glow-in-the-dark fungi have been found in places like Brazil and Vietnam. But now, reports Rachel Becker for The Verge, have researchers described the compound that gives the mushrooms their glow—and figured out how it's made.

They also value **the balance of masculine and feminine energies** within their practice. **Dianic Wicca**, founded by Zsuzsanna Budapest in the 1970s, is a feminist-oriented tradition that focuses on the worship of the Goddess. Dianic Wiccans **celebrate and empower female energy** and often exclude males from their rituals. They place a strong emphasis on **female solidarity, women's rights, and women's spirituality**. **Eclectic Wicca** is a relatively modern denomination that draws inspiration from various Wiccan traditions and other sources, allowing practitioners to create their own unique blend of practices. **Eclectics value personal intuition, adaptability, and flexibility** in their spiritual journey. Additionally, there are denominations like **Feri Tradition, Celtic Wicca, Seax-Wica, and Traditional British Wicca**, each with its own distinct characteristics and practices. Some denominations may focus on **specific pantheons**, such as Celtic or Norse deities, while others may emphasize **shamanic practices**, divination, or herbalism. While these denominations may have **different rituals, deities, or focuses**, they all generally adhere to the **Wiccan Rede, a moral guideline** that states, "An it harm none, do what ye will." This principle encourages Wiccans to live in harmony with nature and to take responsibility for their actions. In conclusion, the various denominations of Wiccan practices cater to a wide range of spiritual preferences and approaches. From structured and ceremonial traditions to eclectic and individualized paths, each denomination offers a unique expression of Wicca while sharing common principles and beliefs..

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