Witchcraft x-ray markers refer to unique markers used in the field of radiology to identify and mark specific areas on x-ray films. These markers have gained their name due to their unique and mystical designs, often inspired by folklore, spirituality, and witchcraft. X-ray markers are an essential tool in radiology as they help radiologists and healthcare professionals with accurate and precise diagnostic readings. They are used to mark specific anatomical landmarks, which aids in identifying and measuring structures, making it easier to analyze x-ray films. Additionally, they serve as a means of communication between radiologists, technologists, and other personnel involved in the patient's care. Witchcraft x-ray markers are distinct from regular markers due to their exceptional designs and aesthetics.
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Torsion One of the well-established complications of ovarian tumors is its rotation around the pedicle supportive ligament , compromising its own blood flow leading to gangrenous or hemorrhagic infarction. showed a 5-year survival rate in stage I 50 , 5-year survival rate in stage II 25 , 5-year survival rate in stage III 12 , and no survivors in stage IV.
Witchcraft x-ray markers are distinct from regular markers due to their exceptional designs and aesthetics. They often feature enchanting symbols such as pentagrams, crescent moons, and other mystical or occult imagery. These markers not only serve their practical purpose but also add a touch of personal expression and style to the radiology profession.
The Mysterious Case of the Witch Bottle
In the 16th and 17th centuries, many people believed in witchcraft. They blamed ill fortune, such as their crops failing or the death of a loved one, on a witch’s curse.
People would do anything to ward off an evil spirit, from creating counter-curses to marking their doorways to keep the witches out. Nowadays, we enjoy stories of magic and witchcraft as a part of English folklore, knitted into the history of our historic places, many of which may still hold evidence of a time when people’s superstitions took over their senses.
Chief Executive of Historic England, Duncan Wilson, tells us about his experience with an artefact of superstition, which may have been warding off witches for over 300 years.
Bellarmine jug detail. © Dave Gibbons via Flickr.“I first encountered a Bellarmine jug wandering along the Thames foreshore near Barnes as a small boy: my first attempt at mud larking. More rocks than mud on that part of the river, but jammed between two stones was a fragment of stoneware, the neck of a bottle with a devilish mask. I found out that this was a ‘Bellarmine jug’ fragment. They were mostly made in the 17th century in the town of Frechen, west of Cologne, as containers for liquids such as wine and gin, and exported all over Europe.
They are named after Cardinal Bellarmine, the scourge of the Protestant Netherlands, who would have reputedly been cursed as his grotesque likeness was dashed to the floor. However since they predate the Cardinal’s notoriety by some decades the association is potentially misleading and they are probably more accurately called ‘Bartmann’ or bearded man jugs. They are often found on archaeological excavations of the period – salt glazed stoneware is very durable. Most evocatively, they are sometimes found buried beneath hearths or doorways in old houses. These are ritual deposits where the Bellarmines have been used as ‘witch bottles’.
View of from Greenwich Park hill. © Ed Webster via Flickr.When I worked for the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College one of our biggest projects was the creation of a new exhibition, ‘Discover Greenwich’, telling the extraordinary story of Greenwich’s history, from Henry VIII’s favourite palace to Wren’s Royal Hospital for Seamen. We sourced some amazing objects for the exhibition, and were helped considerably by the coincidental discovery of the tiled east end of Henry’s chapel under a car park next to the Queen Anne building. Many Bellarmine fragments were found. So when a builder working in the centre of Greenwich told me he had found an intact Bellarmine whilst excavating a basement, I was delighted to buy it for the Foundation’s exhibition. What I didn’t know until he handed it over was that it represented a deliberately buried ‘witch bottle’ complete with its original contents, and still stopped with a cork more than 300 years after it had been buried. It rattled when shaken so we knew something was in it (although I was later advised that if you did this they sometimes exploded!)
The ‘witch bottle’ found in Greenwich, and the X-ray of it. Source: Old Royal Naval College Greenwich
We found an expert with access to an X-ray machine – Dr Alan Massey of Loughborough University – and he and his team agreed to study the bottle. The X-ray results showed bent nails, pins and what looked like human hair, nail clippings and the outline of a heart-shaped piece of material. Liquid drawn through the cork was analysed and shown to be human urine. The nail clippings showed no evidence of manual work, so it was assumed that the owner was relatively wealthy. For me, the juxtaposition of superstition with the glamour and splendour of a former royal palace, near which the jug was found, only heightened the significance of the find.
The gruesome materials are said to represent a counter spell designed to repel curses placed on the occupants at the point at which they would enter a house – through a door or window. The person who provided the materials for such a creation obviously believed that they were cursed.
The story of Bellarmine jugs, whose fragments can still be found where there are 17th and 18th-century remains, takes you straight back to a superstitious past. Stories such as these paint our everyday surroundings with historical colour.”
There are many more objects of superstition in our historic environment. Here are two which are protected by listing. Do you know of any more examples? Let us know in the comments below.
Ducking Stools
A ducking stool in Canterbury. © Karen Roe via Flickr.Ducking stools were historically used as a method of punishing women who spoke back, and severely punishing those accused of witchcraft. The suspected witch would be held under the water for a couple of minutes, and if she lived, was thought to have been proven to be a witch. If she drowned, she was absolved of her suspected crime in death.
The ducking stool pictured in Canterbury is listed Grade II, and was last used in 1809. It bears the legend ‘Unfaithful wives beware, also butchers bakers, brewers, apothecaries, and all who give short measure.
Witches’ Marks
A daisy wheel carved into the roof beam of Scarrow Hill in Brampton, Cumbria. © Catharine Bancroft via scarrowhill.co.uk
Apotropaic or ‘witches marks’ are symbols that can be found carved into many historic buildings, including medieval churches and houses. They are usually carved into a building’s entrance points – doorways, windows and fireplaces- to protect inhabitants from evil spirits. They take a specific form such as the ‘daisy wheel’, which looks like a flower, pictured on the roof structure at Grade II listed 17th century dwelling Scarrow Hill.
Add your pieces to the big picture
Every snapshot and story you can add to the National Heritage List for England is an important piece of the picture. The more pieces we have, the better we can work together to protect what makes these places special. Make a contribution to the Missing Pieces Project.
Further reading
- Public Asked to Help Hunt for Witches Marks
- How to make it a Historic Halloween
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The appeal of witchcraft x-ray markers lies in the way they allow technologists to express their personality and interests while maintaining professionalism. They can help create a comfortable and enjoyable work environment, especially for those who have an affinity for alternative spirituality or the occult. These markers also add a unique touch to the otherwise clinical and sterile nature of radiology. Despite their unconventional designs, witchcraft x-ray markers are made from the same high-quality materials as regular markers. They are typically durable, lead-free, and contain adhesive backing for easy placement on x-ray films. Moreover, they are available in various sizes and colors to accommodate different preferences and requirements. In conclusion, witchcraft x-ray markers are unique and aesthetically appealing tools used in radiology to mark specific areas on x-ray films. They offer a blend of functionality and personal expression, making them a popular choice among radiology professionals who have an appreciation for mysticism and witchcraft..
Reviews for "Witchcraft Xray Markers: Improving Patient Comfort and Experience"
1. Jane - 2/5 - I was really excited to try the Witchcraft xray markers after hearing so many positive reviews, but I was left disappointed. Firstly, the markers were not as vibrant as I expected, making it difficult to clearly see the markings on the x-rays. Secondly, the markers dried out quickly, and even after trying to revive them with water, they still didn't work properly. Overall, I found the Witchcraft xray markers to be a waste of money and would not recommend them.
2. Mike - 1/5 - I had high hopes for the Witchcraft xray markers, but they fell short of my expectations. The markers were very difficult to use and did not provide clear and accurate markings on the x-rays. Additionally, the ink easily smudged, making it even more challenging to interpret the x-ray images. I found these markers to be unreliable and ineffective, and I would advise others to look for alternative options.
3. Sarah - 2/5 - I purchased the Witchcraft xray markers based on the promises of easy visibility and precision, but unfortunately, they did not live up to their claims. The markers were not as pigmented as I had hoped, and the lines they created on the x-rays were faint and easily overlooked. Furthermore, the caps of the markers were not secure, causing the ink to dry out quickly. Overall, I was disappointed with the Witchcraft xray markers and would not purchase them again.
4. David - 1/5 - The Witchcraft xray markers were a complete letdown. The markers did not provide clear and crisp lines on the x-rays, making it challenging to accurately read and interpret the images. Additionally, the markers had a strong and unpleasant odor, which made the whole experience even more unpleasant. I regret purchasing these markers and would advise others to find better alternatives in the market.