In Portuguese folklore, spells and rituals hold significant cultural importance. These practices have been passed down through generations, influenced by various mythologies and beliefs. **Spells** in Portuguese folklore are often used for protection, love, and luck. One well-known spell is the "Espada-de-São-Jorge" (Sword of Saint George), which is believed to defend against negative energies and evil spirits. The "Simpatia do Ovo" (Egg Sympathy) is another common spell used to reveal hidden truths or bring luck to a person's life. **Rituals** are deeply ingrained in Portuguese folklore and are performed on specific occasions or to mark important events.
Legend says that many years ago, where the Sete Cidades parish is located, there was a big kingdom with a beautiful, blue-eyed princess called Antília. She felt trapped by the castle walls and left daily to walk the fields in the region, where she met a green-eyed shepherd. They talked about their lives and dreams and quickly fell in love.
Along with Joao Rosa Boucas, the Exorcist of Barcelos, and Iara the Brazilian, Borges claimed to have been shown his healing mission in life in visions or dreams. Maybe I m the last of the line, he sighed, adding that instances of the two scourges, in any case, were less frequent than in his youth when villagers who dabbled in the occult often would put curses on their neighbors, their crops or their cattle.
**Rituals** are deeply ingrained in Portuguese folklore and are performed on specific occasions or to mark important events. One such ritual is the "Ritual do Entrudo," which takes place during Carnival. Participants dress up in colorful costumes and masks, engaging in playful behavior and throwing flour and water at one another.
Culture : Bewitched in Portugal : Exorcists, hypnotists and, yes, witches assembled in a rural village for a special congress.
It may be a new Europe, but a lot of the old ways live on in remote villages like this one, the site earlier this month of the seventh Congress of Women of Virtue and Healers. Witches to you.
There were no broomsticks, no pointed hats nor any black cats in sight, and the only caldron spotted was being used to heat up a potent local brew of moonshine. But the hundreds of participants and spectators were not disappointed.
A colorful list of celebrants included the Exorcist of Barcelos, famed for his power to drive the devil from people, places and even computers; Jose Borges, who says he can cure cancer with scorpion stings, and Iara the Brazilian, who performs pathology with the help of semi-precious stones and the sun’s rays.
AdvertisementAmong the witches, exorcists, hypnotists and mediums converging on this village--a traditional stopover on an ancient Christian pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in northern Spain--came scores of serious scholars anxious to learn the secrets of alternative medicine that, peppered with pagan rites, is still widely used here in one of Europe’s poorest and most backward corners.
The congress, organized by Villar de Perdizes’ parish priest Father Antonio Fontes, began in 1980 as a backwater meeting of oddball anthropologists and local herbalists. It has since gained so much stature that this year, the European Community contributed $40,000 to help organize the gathering and publish its findings.
The congress is now officially dubbed the Congress of Popular Medicine, but locals still give it the more colorful name, or just call it “The Witches’ Meet.”
Papers delivered this year ranged from “Healing by the Power of the Holy Spirit” by Father Antonio Raposo, a Roman Catholic priest, through “Witches, Wizards and Wisemen” by Lisbon University lecturer Helena Neves, to “Linen in Popular Medicine” by Manuel Gens, one of many locals who swears by alternative cures.
“In the middle of this modern Europe, there is a very ancient world,” Fontes said. “So this region has been for centuries, and still is today. But not for much longer.
“The European Community is turning everything upside down here,” he explained. “And I feel like I must climb to the top of the trees and shout: ‘Come and see a world that is coming to an end”
AdvertisementThe region is called Tras-os-Montes, meaning “behind the mountains.” Sandwiched against Portugal’s mistrusted neighbor, Spain, it is a place of two seasons--scorching summer and freezing winter--where farmers have eked out a hardscrabble existence for centuries while young folk have emigrated to seek prosperity abroad.
Europe is still dotted with such regions, from Tras-os-Montes in the West to Transylvania in the East--regions seemingly bypassed by progress, where superstition rivals that found in the Third World and a belief in the occult goes hand in hand with faith in God.
Old traditions abound here: Cows still graze on common pasture land and the milk is shared among villagers; bread is baked in communal village ovens. Houses are built of huge granite blocks hewn from the surrounding hills. Upstairs are the living quarters, downstairs the stables where the body warmth from cattle and donkeys provide rudimentary central heating for their owners above. Most dwellings have a cross at the entrance to ward off the devil.
Since Portugal joined the European Community in 1986, millions of dollars of EC funds have flown into Tras-os-Montes, sponsoring new roads and better communications that now mean the area is not nearly so isolated as before.
But the region still has fewer telephones and televisions per inhabitant than other EC region and only one doctor for every 1,000 people, compared to the national average of one per 300 Portuguese.
The 800 villagers of Villar de Perdizes, whose average age is well over 50, are treated by a visiting doctor once a week.
“Most people come to me anyway,” said Ana Pita, a wizened 76-year-old known as Pitinha , who is the village’s resident herbalist. “My herbs are better than anything classical medicine has to offer. If I could read and write, I’d be rich.”
Although illiterate, her vast knowledge of traditional cures drew admiration from learned professional herbalists at the congress. Pitinha began learning herbal lore as a child when she began to ask neighbors for traditional remedies to cure her sick parents.
Although many locals consider her a bruxa (BROO-shah), or witch, she denies links to magic of any kind.
“I go to church every Sunday.”
But that, for many, is no guarantee she is not a witch.
Father Fontes, whose 18th-Century residence is packed with devil-like sculptures and books such as “The Dictionary of the Devil” and “The Book of Sects and the Occult,” says the dividing line between religion and traditional rituals and superstitions in Tras-os-Montes is hazy.
“Separating the sacred from the profane means the death of God in the people’s soul,” he said.
Parishioners still dress the statues of saints in the village chapel with gaudy silks and jewelry.
Most refuse to look over their shoulder after passing a crossroads, believing that will conjure the devil who waits for sinners at intersections.
Pre-Christian paintings of fertility rites and sun worship can be found on stones in and around Villar de Perdizes. Until a few years ago, Fontes said, pregnant women who feared their child would be still-born would walk one hour through forest for a pagan prenatal baptism with water from the river under the Misarela Bridge. The bridge, according to local legend, was built by Lucifer himself.
Manuel Narciso, an electrician from the central market town of Torres Vedras, was at the congress looking for a successor. An avowed witch, he said his powers in combatting two popular scourges--”the evil eye” and “envy sickness”--were passed down from his mother and grandmother, who served apprenticeship with Portugal’s famous Witch of Arruda, who died in 1972.
“My daughter doesn’t want to learn and my granddaughter doesn’t seem interested either,” he complained.
By the third day of the congress, he had found no suitable candidate to whom he could pass on his skill.
“Maybe I’m the last of the line,” he sighed, adding that instances of the two scourges, in any case, were less frequent than in his youth when villagers who dabbled in the occult often would put curses on their neighbors, their crops or their cattle.
“Such practices are disappearing with economic progress,” said Jose Martins, a sociologist from Lisbon’s Piaget Institute attending the congress. “But beliefs in such powers will not disappear--all you will see is change in the type of practices, a sort of professionalization of witchcraft.
“Many of the so-called witches here are writing their resumes by being at this congress,” he added.
Along with Joao Rosa Boucas, the Exorcist of Barcelos, and Iara the Brazilian, Borges claimed to have been shown his healing mission in life in visions or dreams.
Borges, who charges 7,000 escudos (40 dollars) for a sting delivered by small scorpions he finds locally, claims that 12 of the 500 cancer patients he has treated over the past decade have recovered completely.
Boucas said he does not charge for his services, which include banishing computer viruses via exorcism, but Iara was handing out T-shirts that read “Bare-handed Healing--Glands and Ganglions” and gave her telephone number in the nearby town of Chaves.
“Most people come to me anyway,” said Ana Pita, a wizened 76-year-old known as Pitinha , who is the village’s resident herbalist. “My herbs are better than anything classical medicine has to offer. If I could read and write, I’d be rich.”
Another significant ritual is the "Ritual dos 13 Pedidos" (Ritual of the 13 Wishes) which is performed on New Year's Eve. Participants write down 13 wishes on a piece of paper and jump over seven waves in the ocean, believing that it will bring good luck and grant their wishes for the upcoming year. The **main idea** behind these spells and rituals is the preservation and celebration of Portuguese folklore and cultural traditions. These practices serve as a way to connect with ancestors and maintain a sense of identity within the community. They represent the rich tapestry of beliefs, superstitions, and customs that have been passed down through generations..
Reviews for "Summoning the Spirits: Portuguese Rituals for Spiritual Guidance"
- John - 2 stars - I was really excited to delve into the world of Portuguese folklore and learn about their spells and rituals. However, I was extremely disappointed with this book. The content felt surface-level and lacked depth. It seemed like the author didn't do thorough research and instead just compiled some random information together. The spells and rituals described were vague and didn't provide enough guidance for someone wanting to practice them. Overall, it was a letdown.
- Sarah - 1 star - I found "Spells and rituals from Portuguese folklore" to be completely underwhelming. The book was poorly organized, making it difficult to navigate through the different sections. The lack of explanations and context for the spells and rituals left me confused and uncertain about their purpose. The writing style itself was dry and lacked charisma, making it hard to stay engaged. I wouldn't recommend this book to anyone looking to learn about Portuguese folklore.
- David - 2 stars - As someone with a keen interest in folklore and magical practices, I was excited to pick up this book. However, it fell short of my expectations. The spells and rituals described felt outdated and irrelevant to modern magical practices. The lack of practical advice and clear instructions made it feel like more of an anthology than a guide. Additionally, the book had a repetitive nature, with similar spells and rituals being described in different sections. Overall, it didn't provide the comprehensive and practical information I was hoping for.
- Emily - 1 star - I was really hoping to discover some unique and powerful spells from Portuguese folklore, but unfortunately, this book didn't deliver. The spells and rituals were extremely basic and lacked substance. It felt like I could find more detailed information with a simple Google search. The lack of explanation and background information on the cultural context behind these practices was also disappointing. I wouldn't recommend wasting your time with this book if you're looking for authentic and valuable information on Portuguese folklore.