Witchcraft Territory Global Limited is a controversial concept that refers to the belief held by some people that certain geographic areas or regions have a higher prevalence of witchcraft and supernatural activities. This idea is based on the belief that certain places are more susceptible to supernatural occurrences and witches, and therefore have a higher concentration of individuals practicing witchcraft. The concept of Witchcraft Territory Global Limited is not supported by scientific evidence and is largely influenced by cultural and historical factors. The notion of certain places being more prone to the presence of witches has existed in various cultures throughout history, with different countries and regions having their own specific beliefs and practices related to witchcraft. One example of a region associated with witchcraft is Salem, Massachusetts, known for the infamous Salem witch trials in the late 17th century. The trials resulted in numerous accusations and executions of individuals suspected of practicing witchcraft.
The trials resulted in numerous accusations and executions of individuals suspected of practicing witchcraft. The events in Salem have since become a significant part of American history and folklore, further reinforcing the association between the region and witchcraft. Another example can be found in Africa, where witchcraft beliefs and practices are deeply ingrained in many traditional cultures.
How Social Turmoil Has Increased Witch Hunts throughout History
I t's an old story: A woman is accused of witchcraft by someone close to her—a neighbor, a relative, a rival. Often the original accuser resents or envies the woman or has a property dispute with her. At first the complaints are just whispers. But then something happens—a child gets sick, or an accident occurs. The woman's name is said again, loudly this time, and more people echo it. Then she is dragged from her house and killed.
This is what happened to Iquo Edet Eyo, a 69-year-old woman from Cross River State in Nigeria. Along with four others, she was murdered in October 2022, allegedly by a group of young men who charged that her witchcraft had caused a recent motorcycle crash. Her family says that suspicions had been dogging her for years, arising from jealousy of her prosperity. It is also the tale of Martha Carrier, the ancestor of one of us (Markham-Cantor), who was hanged in Salem, Mass., in 1692. Of the accusations against her, one of the most salient was by a neighbor with whom her family had a property dispute. Carrier became one of 35 people executed for witchcraft in the British colonies of New England—“crimes” of which some of them still have not been exonerated.
The narrative could be set in Germany in 1581, India in 2003, Uganda in 2018 or Papua New Guinea in 2021. Every year more than 1,000 people around the world, including men and children, are tortured, expelled from their homes or killed after being charged with witchcraft—using magic, usually to cause harm. Far from declining with modernization, as some 20th-century scholars predicted, witch hunts are holding steady in some places and may be happening more often in others.
Multiple roots entwine to produce a witch hunt. A belief in sorcery, a patriarchal society, sudden and mysterious deaths resulting from a paucity of health care, inaccessible justice systems that give impunity to attackers, a triggering disaster—all of these contribute. But as one of us (Federici) has argued in her 2004 book Caliban and the Witch and subsequent publications, what sustained periods of witch-hunting have in common, across time, space and culture, is a backdrop of social and economic dislocation.
Witch hunts can erupt suddenly, as during the COVID-19 pandemic, when terrified people searched for scapegoats. But when rates of these assaults have stayed high over decades—such as in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries and in parts of Asia and Africa in the past 50 years—subsistence economies were in the process of being replaced by monetary and capitalistic systems.
During these times the powerful and the wealthy were privatizing fields, ponds and forests previously held as commons, evicting villagers from the natural resources that had sustained them for centuries. Close-knit communities with relatively self-sufficient economies disintegrated, leaving the newly dispossessed with wage work as the only option for survival. This disruption of rural society caused bitter conflicts between the emerging classes of haves and have-nots that in places manifested as witch hunts.
Silvia Federici (left) and Alice Markham-Cantor study witch hunts old and new. Credit: Kholood Eid
As Federici and other scholars have further argued, in medieval Europe, as well as in much of the Global South, women harvested food and medicinal herbs and had a close relationship with the natural world. During expansions or intensifications of capitalism, many rural women lost access to land and, along with it, the economic and social power they had previously enjoyed. Among the worst affected were older women, who in the new dispensation were regarded as unproductive. Lacking social support and believed to have destructive magical powers, in many places they came to be targeted as witches. The pattern began six centuries ago with the witch hunts in Europe.
The belief in witchcraft territory is particularly strong in countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Cameroon, where accusations of witchcraft can lead to severe consequences, including violence and even death. It is important to note that the belief in Witchcraft Territory Global Limited is highly subjective and varies greatly depending on cultural and individual perspectives. While some people strongly believe in the existence of certain areas with a higher concentration of witchcraft, others dismiss it as mere superstition or folklore. In conclusion, the concept of Witchcraft Territory Global Limited is a controversial and subjective belief that suggests certain regions or areas are more prone to witchcraft and supernatural activities. It is influenced by cultural and historical factors and lacks scientific evidence. Whether one believes in the existence of such territories or not, it is vital to respect different cultural beliefs and practices surrounding witchcraft..
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