k o tsitra eht

Dragons, legendary creatures of myth and folklore, have captivated the human imagination for centuries. These majestic creatures with their powerful wings, scaly bodies, and fiery breath have become symbols of power, wisdom, and magic. Throughout history, dragons have been portrayed as both fierce and benevolent, creating a sense of mystery and wonder around them. The tales of their existence and encounters with humans have been passed down from generation to generation, fueling our fascination with their magical abilities. One of the most enchanting aspects of dragons is their association with magic. In many mythologies, dragons are believed to possess supernatural powers and abilities.

The chapter on magic tricks in Scot's Discoverie was plagiarized heavily, and constituted a substantial portion (in some cases, nearly all) of the text in English-language magic books of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Unlike the majority of 16th century works on the subject of witches and witchcraft, Scot s Discoverie takes a predominantly sceptical view and reveals how the superstitious public were often fooled by charlatans and frauds. Not just for summoning faeries, Scot instructed us how to play card tricks and other classic magician acts, such as How to deliver out foure aces, and to convert them into foure knaves, he shared.

In many mythologies, dragons are believed to possess supernatural powers and abilities. They are often depicted as guardians of hidden treasures or sacred knowledge, further adding to their allure. Legends are filled with stories of brave heroes embarking on quests to seek the wisdom or riches guarded by these magnificent creatures.

“Magic” and Magic: How One Politician Decided to Debunk Witchcraft

From its rare leaves, clear marginalia, and (somewhat hilarious) page-turning contents, The Discouerie of Witchcraft by Reginald Scot is a beautiful and unique item in the Library. We own three editions of this work: An original 1584 edition obtained through the Fund for Rare Books in 1916, a 1665 edition (the first reprint since Scot’s death) obtained through the same fund four years later in 1920, and the third is part of our Robert L. Sadoff collection from 1930, and is no. 294 of 1275 copies printed.

The Discouerie of Witchcraft starts with a disparagement of the idea of witchery, which claimed their supposed power– even without any credible witness– was an ignorant insult to God. Reginald Scot questioned their fortitude against “melancholie,” or mental illness, and he believed witchcraft to be superstitions from idolatry. Those who interacted with witchcraft, either the alleged perpetrators or the victims, were dismissed as “erroneous novelties and imaginary conceptions,” and those who trialed the (usually poor, intellectually disabled, and/or old) accused peoples were bad actors who “extort[ed] confessions by terrors and tortures.”

As it directly opposed the monarchy’s belief that witchcraft was real and dangerous, The Discouerie was printed without registry and never reprinted in Scot’s lifetime. In 1597, 13 years after the publishing, Scottish King James I wrote Daemonologie in response, where he sneered at Scot in the introduction–

“so farre as I can, to resolue the doubting harts

of many; both that such assaultes of Sathan are most certainly

practized, & that the instrumentes thereof, merits most severly

to be punished: against the damnable opinions of two principally

in our age, wherof the one called SCOT an Englishman, is not

ashamed in publike print to deny, that ther can be such a thing as

Witch-craft: and so mainteines the old error of the Sadducees,

in denying of spirits.”

Physician and Chemist Edward Jorden testified during the 1602 trial of Elizabeth Jackson, an elderly neighbor who was accused by teenager Mary Glover of bewitching her. He called her a faker suffering from Passio Hysterica, or hysteria. The judge was not convinced. However, it was convincing enough for the public and several advocates to free Jackson from death (she instead served a prison sentence and spent time in pillories).

The 1600s was a violent time of enlightenment from superstition and beliefs, with emerging skeptics amid feverous witch hunts. King James I ascended to the English throne and reprinted Daemonlogie in 1603, reemphasizing the governing position.

Scot decided to take a strange turn midway through the 16 books (or sections). He transformed the treatise into an extensive guide of summoning faeries, magic tricks and illusions, with the addition of celestial tables and magic circles. He made generous mentions of Sibylia, the “gentle virgine of fairies,” and insisted upon invoking the names of other faeries like Milia and Achilia to complete spells.

“This is the waie to go invisible by these three sisters of fairies.”

Not just for summoning faeries, Scot instructed us how to play card tricks and other classic magician acts, such as: “How to deliver out foure aces, and to convert them into foure knaves,” he shared. “How to tell one what card he seeth in the bottome, when the same card is shuffled
into the stocke,” and my favorite, “To tell one without confederacie what card he thinketh.”

“To cut off ones head, and to laie it in a platter,
which the jugglers call the decollation of John Baptist.” pg 352.

The entire e-text of The Discouerie of Witchcraft is freely available on Project Gutenberg. Highly recommended for those who are easily bored or need a faerie spell refresher.

Sources:
“The Reception of Reginald Scot’s Discovery of Witchcraft: Witchcraft, Magic, and Radical Religion,” S. F. Davies
“The Discouerie of Witchcraft,” editor Brinsley Nicholson. 1886 Reprint of 1584 edition, Gutenberg eBook.

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Fugitive Leaves is written in the tradition and spirit of the Transactions and Studies of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. It was inspired by the original newsletter, printed by the Library between 1956-1996.

The magic of dragons extends beyond material possessions. In many cultures, they are associated with natural forces, such as rain, thunder, and storms. It is said that dragons have the ability to control these elements, making them both feared and revered. Their ability to summon rain during a drought or cause lightning with a flick of their tails demonstrates their command over the forces of nature. Furthermore, dragons are often seen as symbols of transformation and rebirth. In some legends, dragons have the power to shape-shift into human form or other creatures, enabling them to interact with humans undetected. This ability to change form represents their connection with the ethereal realm, blurring the lines between the physical and the magical. The magic of dragons also extends to their mystical qualities. Dragons are believed to possess immense wisdom and knowledge, often serving as mentors or guides to those worthy of their teachings. In tales of knights and dragons, the hero often learns valuable life lessons or gains newfound courage from their encounters with these mythical creatures. Dragons inspire awe and inspire us to explore our own inner potential. In conclusion, the magic of dragons lies in their captivating presence and association with supernatural powers and abilities. They represent the untamed, powerful forces of nature as well as the wisdom and transformation that can be achieved through facing adversity. As we delve into the world of dragons through myths, legends, and stories, we are transported to a realm where magic and imagination intertwine, leaving us in awe of these magnificent creatures..

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“Magic” and Magic: How One Politician Decided to Debunk Witchcraft

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